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Biology 1***

Presentation 6 and 7

QuestionAnswer
True or False: a small cell has a smaller ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape FALSE: a small cell has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape.
what are the two major kinds of cells prokaryotes and eukaryotes
what kinds of cells compose bacteria and archaea prokaryotes
3 shapes of prokaryotes rod, spiral, and spherical
what do prokaryotes lack? nucleus and organelles
what is the plasma membrane made up of? phospholipids and proteins
what do the membrane do? control the flow of substances into and out of a cell
what are two main types of membrane proteins? cell-surface proteins and transmembrane proteins
nucleus cell's control center; largest organelle; separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope; contain DNA;
where is messenger RNA (mRNA) made? nucleus
Where is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) made? nucleolus
what are ribosomes made of? ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein
free ribosomes make protein in the cytosol; mitochondrial proteins
bound ribosomes make membrane-inserted or membrane-surrounded proteins in the rough ER
main organelles endoplasmic reticulum; golgi complex; lysosomes; peroxisomes
Rought ER (RER) has ribosomes; involve in protein synthesis; also makes membranes
Smooth ER (SER) no ribosomes; embedded with enzymes; involved in lipid and carbohydrates synthesis
what do SER do in liver cells? regulates carbohydrate metabolism and breaks down toxin and drugs
what do SER do in muscle cells stores calcium needed for muscle contraction
function of the golgi complex finishes, sorts, and then ships cell product to other organelles or to the plasma membrane for secretion
function of lysosomes break down macromolecules
what do lysosomes digest? substances taken into cells, worn-out cellular components
Function of peroxisomes peroxisomes have enzymes that detoxifies various harmful molecules
True of false: missing just one type of lysosomal enzyme is okay. FALSE; can be fatal (Tay-Sachs and Pompe disease)
vacuoles function in protist? pump excess water
vacuoles function in plants store dissolved substances, increase cell's surface area
Created by: Tiffastic
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