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Cardio A&P 16, 8
Herlihy & Adult Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Primary function of the heart | Pump and force blood through the blood vessels of the body, providing every cell in the body with vital nutrients and oxygen |
| Average beats per minute | 72 times |
| Location of the heart | In the mediastinum |
| Base of the heart | Located at the level of the second rib |
| Apex of the heart | Located at the level of the fifth rib |
| Precordium | Area of the anterior chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels |
| 3 layers of the heart | Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium |
| Thickest layer of the heart | Myocardium |
| Pericardium | Slinglike structure that supports the heart |
| Pulmonary circulation | Pumps blood through the lungs in order to pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide |
| Systemic circulation | Larger of the two circulations; path that blood follows from the left heart to all the organs of the body and back to the right heart |
| Atri | Upper chambers of the heart |
| Ventricles | Lower chambers of the heart |
| Atria | Receive blood into the heart |
| Ventricles | Pump blood out of the heart |
| Great vessels | Superior and inferior venae cavae, pulmonary artery, four pulmonary veins, and the aorta |
| Two semilunar valves | Pulmonic and aortic valves |
| Stenosis | Narrowing |
| Murmurs | Abnormal heart sounds |
| SA node | Pacemaker of the heart |
| P wave | Reflects the electrical activity associated with atrial depolarization |
| QRS complex | Reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular depolarization |
| T wave | Reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular repolarization |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) | ECG appears normal and that the impulse originates in the SA node |
| Coronary arteries | Deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
| Myocardium | Layer of the heart that contains actin and myosin; arranged in sarcomeres |
| Right atrium | Chamber that receives unoxygenated blood from the venae cavae |
| Left atrium | Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins |
| How many gallons of blood does the heart pump each day? | 10,000 gallons |
| How many times does the heart beat per day? | 100,000 beats |
| Mediastinum | Mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs; heart lies here |
| 2 atrioventricular valves | Tricuspid and bicuspid valves |
| Chordae tendinae | Small cord-like structures that connect AV valves to the walls of the heart |
| Automaticity | Inherent ability to contract in a rhythmic pattern |
| Irritability | Responding to a stimulus in the same way that nerve cells do |
| Bundle of His | Conduction fibers |
| Cardiac cycle | Complete heartbeat |
| Systole | Phase of contraction |
| Dystole | Phase of relaxation |
| "Lubb" sound heard | When AV valve closes |
| "Dubb" sound heard | When semilunar valve closes |
| Capillaries | Tiny blood vessels joining arterioles and venules |
| Arteries | Large vessels carrying blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Vessels that convey blood from the capillaries and return it to the heart |
| Arterioles | Blood vessels of the smallest branch of the arterial circulation |
| Largest vein | Vena cava |
| Largest artery | Aorta |
| Fluoroscopy | Action-picture radiograph |
| Angiogram | Radiographs taken after injection of a contrast medium into an artery or vein |
| Aortogram | Abdominal aorta and the major leg arteries are viewed by x-ray through the femoral artery and into the aorta |
| Cadiac catheterization | Invasice procedure used to visualize the heart's chambers, valves, great vessels, and coronary arteries |
| Cardiac cetherization | Sterile procedure, requires consent, patient lies supine with pressure dressing at insertion site when procedure completed |
| Holter monitor | Small portable monitor to monitor heart rhythm for prolonged periods |
| Endocardiography | High-frequency ultrasound directed at the heart |
| Positive Emission Tomography (PET) | Computerized radiographic technique that uses radioactive substances to examine metabolic activity of various body structures |
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Determination of the number of red and white blood cells per cubic millimeter |
| Coagulation studies | Used in monitoring patients receiving anticoagulation therapy |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | Used to monitor or rule out inflammatory infective conditions |
| Serum electrolyte tests | Focus on body's balance of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium which are necessary for myocardial muscle function |
| Serum lipids | Monitors levels of cholesterol and triglycerides |
| Arterial blood gases | Measured to monitor oxygenation and acid-base balance |
| Serum cardiac markers | Certain proteins that are released into the blood in large quantities from necrotic heart muscle after an MI |
Created by:
caysmommy03
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