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Biology 1*
Presentation 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many covalent bonds does a carbon atom have? | 4 |
| organic compounds | compounds that contain carbon |
| hydrocarbon | simplest organic compounds, only contain hydrogen and carbon |
| organic molecule | consists of a carbon-based core w/functional groups attached |
| functional groups | groups of atoms that participate in chemical reactions |
| 4 kinds of macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids |
| polymers | most of the large molecules in living things. Long chains of smaller molecular units called monomers |
| monomers | small molecular units that make up polymers |
| dehydration synthesis | process that makes macromolecules |
| hydrolysis | process that break down macromolecules |
| carbohydrates | provide building materials and energy storage; molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio, are of two main types: simple carbo and complex carbo |
| monosaccharides | consist of one subunit |
| C6H12O6 | glucose and fructose isomers |
| glucose | blood sugar, the immediate source of energy for cellular respiration |
| two kinds of simple carbohydrates | 1) monosaccharides 2)Disaccharides |
| disaccharides | consist of two subunits |
| polysaccharides | complex carbohydrates |
| examples of complex carbohydrates | starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin |
| starch | provides energy storage in plants |
| glycogen | provides energy storage in animal |
| cellulose | found in cell walls of plants |
| chitin | found in cell walls of fungi |
| complext carbo soluble in water? | no |
| mono and disaccharide sugars soluble in water? | yes |