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Science, Cells
cell transport, photosynthesis, & respiration
| Vocabulary | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Selectively (semi-) permeable | Certain things can pass through but others cannot |
| pores | tiny holes |
| passive transport | movement of materials in or out of the cell without the need for energy |
| diffusion | the process by which molocules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molocules across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| equilibrium | a state of balance |
| homeostasis | the balence of important materials inside and outside |
| active transport | the movement of larger molocules across the membrane, or to move molocules from an area of low concentration to an area of low concentration. Does not require energy |
| transport proteins | pick up molocules and carry them in or out of the cell using their own energy in active transport |
| engulfing | the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs a particle in active transport |
| endocytosis | the process of bringing particles into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process of getting particles out of the cell |
| photosynthesis | how plants make food by using the energy from sunlight |
| autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| heterotroph | organisms that cannot make their own food |
| pigment | color matter |
| chlorophyll/chloroplasts | a green pigment that absorbs light energy from the sun |
| stomata | small openings on he underside of the leaf that let in carbon dioxide |
| cellular respiration | cells break down sugars obtained during photosynthesis and turn it into energy for the cell |
| How do cells get across the membrane? | The cells go through the pores. |
| What are the two types of passive transport? | diffusion and osmosis |
| What are two types of active transport? | Transport proteins and engulfing. |
| How do passive and active transport differ from each other? | Passive transport -smaller molocules -move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration -no energy required. Active transport- larger molocules -move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration -requires energy |
| What are the two stages of photosynthesis? | Capturing sun's energy and using the energy to make food |
| What happens during the stages of photosynthesis? | 1. chloroplasts absorb suns energy 2. water, carbon dioxide, and light energy combine to make sugar and oxygen |
| Photosynthesis equasion | 6CO(2) +6H(2)O+light energy yeilds C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) |
| What are the two stages of respiration? | 1. in cytoplasm, oxygen not involved, glucose is broken down and small amount of energy is released. 2. glucose breaks down more, carbon dioxide and water diffuse out of the cell, more energy is released. |
| Respiration equasion | C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) yeilds 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + energy |
| What types of organisms undergo respiration? | all living things |
| What types of organisms undergo photosynthesis? | autotroph (plant) |
| Why is fermation different than respiration? | fermation obtains energy without using oxygen |
| How is alcoholic fermation different from lactic acid fermation? | Alcoholic fermation takes place when single celled organisms break down glucose, when lactic acid fermation takes place when your cells need oxygen |
| How is respiration (breathing) related to cellular respiration? | Breathing brings in oxygen needed for cellular respiration |
| cells | basic units of function & structure in living things |
| cell theory | 1) all living things are made of cells 2 |
| cell theory | 1)all living things are made of cells 2) basic units of function & matter 3)all cells are produced from other cells |
| cell membrane | protection, shape & support, semi-permiable |
| endoplasmic reticulum | makes fats, transports substances(proteins) |
| ribosome | make proteins |
| golgi apparatus | packages proteins and carbohydrates & transports them |
| lysosome | get rid of waste & old cell parts (use digestive enzymes) |
| vacuole | storage container (stores: water, food, waste) |
| mitochondria | breaks down energy from proteins for the cell |
| nucleus | control center, holds genetic material |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
| cytoplasm | jelly substance that holds organelles in place & protects |
| cell wall | only on plant cells, gives shape to keep plant upright, made of cellulose |
| Robert Hooke | looked at corck "cells=small rooms" |
| Anton van Leeuwenhook | found little organisms in pond water |
| deletion | when a nitrogen base is taken out |
| insertion | when a nitrogen base is added |
| substitution | when a itrogen base is substituted |
| repair enzymes | scout DNA for mistakes |
| mutagens | things that cause DNA |
| How do you make a copy of DNA? | mRNA makes copy of DNA and brings it to the ribosomes. tRNA brings amino acids whoch make proteins |
| prokaryote | no nucleus |
| eukaryote | has nucleus |
| cell cycle | process by which the cell divides |
| Interphase | rests, grows, centriols & organelles double |
| Mitosis | process where the cell forms a new nucleus |
| Chromatin | thread-like bodies in the nucleus |
| chromatids | condensed chromatin |
| chromosome | DNA carrying bodies in the nucleus |
| centromere | where the chromosomes are joined |
| spindle fibers | stringy things that form around centriols |
| cytokonesis | the final stage of the cell cycle, where the cell membrane pinches in forming two cells |
| centriols | cylerical structures |
| cell plate | when eukaryotic cells woth a cell wall divide, a cell plate forms to divide them |
Created by:
Adamakos
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