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AN#Sci#2011#3#Def
Science Topic 3 Definitions 2011
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Alles | The alternative forms of each gene |
Chromosome | A length of DNA, containing many genes |
Dominant | The one of a pair of opposite characteristics that appears when both are inherited |
Gametes | The sex cells - sperm and ova |
Genetics | The study of inheritance and variation and the factors controlling them |
Heredity | Passing on characteristics from one generation to the next |
Heterozygous | Different alles for a gene |
Homozygous | 2 of the same alles for a gene |
Meiosis | Cell division resulting in daughter cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. (Makes the sex cells) |
Mendel | An Austrian monk who carried out experiements on pea plants - the father of genetics |
Mitosis | Cell division resulting in 2 daughter cells, each an exact copy of the parent cell |
Mutation | Results when a mistake is made in copying of DNA |
Phenotype | How living things appear and function |
Recessive | Appearing in offspring only when not masked by a dominant characteristic |
Zygote | The 1st cell of the new individual, formed when a sperm fuses with the ova during fertilisation |
Unicellular | An organism which only has 1 cell |
Multicellular | An organism with more than 1 cell, encompassing all familiar plants and animals |
Karyotyping | Process of sorting chromosomes into their matched pairs |
Heterozygous | Different alles |
Homozygous | Same alles |
Genotype | Combination of genes that determine a phenotype |