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Bio Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cloning (3) | -Foster mom not related to offspring -1 parents DNA -Fixed gender |
| How many blood types are there? | 4 |
| What % of blood is RH+? RH-? | 85%;15% |
| Where do you get mitochondria DNA? | mother |
| Where are sex-linked genes located? | x/y chromosomes |
| Hooke | named cells cells- cork |
| Brown | nucleus |
| Schwann | All animals are made of cells |
| Schlieden | All plants are made of cells |
| Virchyon | All living things are made of cells |
| Cell limits to growth | surface area to volume ratio; DNA overload |
| Scientific Method | Hypothesis Experiment Data Conclusion Replicated Theory |
| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| Sexual Reproduction | Cells from 2 parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism. |
| Asexual Reproduction | A single organism produces offspring identical to itself. |
| Niche | The range of physical and biological conditions in which a species lives and the way the species obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce. |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
| Classification | The organization of living and fossil species into larger groups that have biological meaning. |
| KPCOFGS | Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| Directional Selection | Individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or the other end of the curve |
| Disruptive Selection | Individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve |
| Binomial Nomenclature | Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name |
| Fossil | Preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms |
| Gene Pool | All the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time |
| Gel Electrophoresis | Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
| Meiosis | Process in which the number of chromosomes gets cut in half |
| Mitosis | Part of the eukaryote cell division during which the cell nucleus divides |
| Vacuoles | Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbs |
| Lysosomes | Break down lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Also break down organelles that have outlives their usefullness. |
| Cytoskeleton | Helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement |
| Centrioles | Help organize cell division... not found in plant cells |
| Ribosomes | Where proteins are assembled |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
| Chloroplasts | Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| Cell Wall | Strong supporting layer around the membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | Gives the cell membrane a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| Cell Membrane | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and protects and supports the cell |
| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combination of a genetic cross |
| Relative Dating | Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other rock layers |
| this...is...so...NOT FUN. | >.< |
| Selective Breeding | Method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation |
| Stabilizing Selection | Form of natural selection in which individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end of the curve. |
| Speciation | Formation of new species |
| Trophic Level | Each step in a food chain or food web |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism |
| Transgenic | Organism that contains genes from other organisms |
| Darwin | Developed theory of evolution |
| Theory of Evolution | Explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors. |
| Hutton and Lyells conclusion | Earth is extremely old and that the processes that changed Earth in the past are the same processes the operate in the present |
| Hutton | Connections between a number of geological processes and geological features that seemed to be bent or folded. Also proposed that forces beneath Earth's surface can push rock layers upward, tilting or twisting them in the process. |
| Lyell | Laws of nature are constant over time and that scientists must explain past events in terms of processes they can observe in the present. |
| Lamarck | Suggested that organisms could change during their lifetime by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies & also that individuals could pass these acquired traits on to their offspring, enabling species to change over time. |
| Malthus | Predicts that left unchecked, the human population will grow beyond the space and good needed to sustain it. |
| Natural Selection | The process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring. |
| Hardy-Weinberg Principle | States that allele frequencies in a population should remain constant unless one of more factors cause those frequencies to change. |
| Characteristics of Living Things | -CO2 intake -Breathing -Reproduction -Response to stimuli -Made of cells -Obtain and use materials and energy -Growth and Development -Maintain a stable internal environment -Evolution |
| Prophase | The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. the centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelope breaks down. |
| Metaphase | The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Each chromosome is connected to spindle fibers at its centromere. |
| Anaphase | The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart. |
| Order of Mitosis | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
| Telophase | The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. Two new nuclear envelopes will form. |
| Cytokinesis | The Cytoplasm pinches in half. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes. |
| Interphase | The cell grows and replicated its DNA and centrioles. |
Created by:
Ljg1237
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