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Honors Bio final0
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of the following is not a goal of science? a.) to investigate and understand the natural world b.) to explain eventes in the natural world and use those explanations to make predictions c.) to establish a collection of unchanging truths | c.) to establish a collection of unchanging truths |
| Why is creativity a scientific attitude? | creativity helps scientists come up with different experiments |
| A __________ may be revised or replaced. It is a well-tested explanation that explains a lot of oservations | theory |
| A personal preference or point of view is a __________ | bias |
| How does society help science advance? | by raising questions that science can help answer |
| The _________ ___________ is based on units of 10. And scientists use this so they can easily replicate an experiment | metric system |
| The branch of biology that deals with interactions amoung organims and between organisms and their environment is _______________ | ecology |
| Name the levels of organization from least to greatest: | species, populations, communities,ecosystem, biome |
| The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the _____________ | ecosystem |
| plants are: a.)primary producers b.) primary consumers c.) herbivores | a.) primary producers |
| How do most primary producers make their own food? | by using light energy to make carbohydrates |
| Which organisms do not need sunlight to live chemosynthetic baterica or photosythetic bateria? | chemosythetic bateria |
| the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the ______________ | biomass |
| compared to land the open oceans are nutrient__________ environments | poor |
| A model of the complex feeding interactions amoung organisms in a community from producers to decomposers ____________. | food web |
| What animals eat both producers and consumers? | omnivores |
| HWat is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web? | trophic level |
| What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids? | energy, biomass, and numbers |
| 10% of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy some of it is used for the organisms life processes and the rest is used in _______________. | reproduction |
| Consumer and _____________ mean the same thing | hetertroph |
| Energy flows through the ecosystem in a one-way stream, however ____________ is recycled through the biosphere | matter |
| the movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is _________ | the water cycle |
| Which part of the water cycle is a biological process? | transpiration |
| ________ ___________ is carried out primarily by bacteria. They convert nitrogen gas into ammonia. | Nitrogen Fixation |
| Organism get nutrients mainly by consuming other plants and animals. They need this nutrients to ... | carry out life functions |
| BEcause of _________ _______ nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere | biogeochemical cycling |
| Why cant the producers in some ecosystems make an unlimited supply of organic material? | because too many carnivores eat the consumers |
| _________ are animals that get their energy by eating carcasses of animals that other animals have already killed | scavengers |
| What is the base of all ecological pyramids? | producers |
| Phosphorus is very important for living things because living organisms need posphorus to form _________ and _______ | DNA AND RNA |
| any living part of the environment | biotic factor |
| any non-living part of the environment | abiotic factor |
| The average conditions of the atmosphere in a particular area is the area's _______________ | climate |
| __________ is the day to day conditions of an area | weather |
| The range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the what it obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce is it's ___________. | niche |
| The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in __________ ________ ___________ | global wind patterns |
| The __________ ___________ principle states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time | competitive exclusion |
| An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants in called ____________ | herbivory |
| A _________ eats and kills other animals | predator |
| What are the three symbiotic relationships and describe each interaction? | mutualism: both organisms benefit; parasitism: one organism benefits the other is harmed; commensalism: one organism benefits and the other is not heloed or harmed |
| What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession? | Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces |
| Are the North and South Poles classified into major biomes? | NO |
| __________ a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms | biome |
| Are you likely to find zooplankton in the aphotic, benthic zone of an ocean? | No. Zooplankton feed on phytoplankton cannot photosynthesize in the dark. |
| Which of the following is NOT a freshwater ecosystem a rive, lake, estuary, or stream | estuary- which contains a mixture of fresh water and salt water |
| Freshwater ecosystems that often originate from underground sources in mountains of hills are ___________ | wetlands |
| organisms that are attached to the bottom of streams rivers lakes and oceans are ________________ | benthos |
| ____________ is the practice of clearing large areas of land to plant highly productive crops year after year | monoculture |
| ____________ __________ provides for human needs while preserving the ecosystems that procuce natural resources. | sustainable development |
| ___________ when the climate changes from farmland to desert because of overgrazing drought and farming. | desertification |
| ________ the loss of forests. | deforestation |
| any harmful material that can enter the biosphere | polluntant |
| ___________ _________ occurs if a pollutant is picked up by an organism and is not broken down of eliminated from its body. | biological magnification |
| _________ _______ the ecosystme splits into pieces. It is the any patch of habitat surrounded by a different habitat | habitat fragmentation |
| An ______________ ________ ________ is a place wher significant numbers of species are in imediate danger of extinction | ecological hot spot |
| A ___________ ________ describes the total area of functioning land and water ecosystems needed to provide resources for an individual or population | ecological footprint |
| Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them "cells"? | Robert Hooke |
| What advance in technology made the discovery of cells possible? | the microscope |
| What are the three rules of cell theory? | 1.)cells are the basic units of life 2.)all living things are made of cells 3.) All cells are produced from existing cell |
| Electron microscopes can reveal details _______ times smaller than those visible in light microscopes | 1000 |
| A __________ cell lacks a nucleus | prokaryote |
| Most cells have a _________ but some do not | membrane |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Bacteria is a prokaryote | TRUE |
| What microscope can produce three-dimensional images of a cell's surface? | scanning electron microscope |
| What does the nucleus do? | stores information/DNA |
| The nucleus is an organelle that is surrounded by the _____________ | cytoplasm |
| Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful | lysosomes |
| What is the job of the cytoskeleton? | helps the cell keep its shape |
| Which structures are involved in cell movement | microtubules and microfilaments |
| Which structures makes proteins using coded instruction that come from the nucleus? | ribosome |
| What is the sequneve the correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell? | ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus |
| _________ convert the chemical energy stored in food into sompounds that are more convenient for the cell to use | mitochondrion |
| What two organelles are involve in energy conversion? | mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| What are found in plant cells but are not found in animals cells? | cell wall, chloroplasts, cell plate |
| What does the cell wall do? | support and protect |
| The ______ ____________ regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell | cell membrane |
| What are the channels and pumps in the cell membrane made of? | proteins |
| ___________ occurs because molecules constantly move and collide with each other | Diffusion |
| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is _____________ | osmosis |
| Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? | active transport |
| ____________ is the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism | homeostasis |
| A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is ___________ | a tissue |
| An __________ _______ is a group of organs that work together to perfom a specific function | organ system |
| What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? | ENdocytosis things ENter and EXocytosis things EXit |
| Moving materials from an area of low concentration to high is _______ transport | active |
| TRUE OR FALSE: viruses are not made up of cells there they are not CONSIDERED to be living things | TRUE; even though they are living all living things are made up of cells so based on the rules they are not living things |
| List the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from least to greatest. | cell tissue organ organ system |
| Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule: adenine, chlorophyll, phosphate, ribose | chlorophyll |
| How do organisms get the energy they need? | by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy |
| Where in the chloroplast is the chlorophyll found? a.) in the thylakiod membrane b.) in the ATP c.) in the stroma d.) in the thylakiod space | a.) in the thylakiod membrane |
| Cellular respiration is called and aerobic process because it requires: a.) exercise b.) oxygen c.) glucose | b.) oxygen |
| The stroma is the region outside the ____________. | thylakiods |
| What is the differencce between photosythesis and cellular respiration? | photosynthesis makes carbs and cellular respiration breaks carbs down |
| What are the 3 parts of an ATP molecule? | adenine ribose and 3 phosphate groups |
| Cellular respiration occurs in all _____________ cells unlike photosynthesis. | eukaryotic |
| list the steps to a scientific method: | observation, ask a question, hypothesis, research to see if the answer to your question has already been found, controlled experiment with one variable, record data accurately, draw a conclusion |
| Why is the cell theory called a theory? | we can't have a controlled experiment because there is no world without cells |
| Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to _____________. | mitochondria |
| Organisms that make their own food are caled ______________. | autotrophs |
| As a cell becomes larger its volume increases (faster or slower) than its surface area | faster |
| compared to small cells large cells have more trouble... | moving needed materials in and waste products out |
| The rate at which wastes are produced by a cell partially depends on the cell's ____________ | volume |
| After cell division each daughter cell has a __________ surface area/ volume than the parent cell | higher |
| What is advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction? | it provides genetic diversity |
| When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated? | s phase |
| What phases does interphase consist of? | G1, S and G2 phase |
| What are the two main stages of cell division? | mitosis and cytokinesis |
| What are the stages of mitosis? | prohase metaphase anaphase telophase |
| the number of chromsomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol... | N |
| Meiosis produces _ _________. | 4 hapliods |
| Mitosis produces _ _________. | 2 dipliods |
| ________ with other cells stops cell growth. | Contact |
| The different forms of a gene are called ____________ | alleles |
| _________ is considered the father of genetics. | Mendel |
| _________ is the study of heredity. | genetics |
| Organisms that have two indentical alleles for a particular geene are _____________. (They can be dominant of reccessive) | homozygous |
| organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene | heterozygous |
| All living thins are required to have these 4 things:(they are the cycles) | water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus |
| _________ __________ process of converting gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can asorb and use | nitrogen fixation |
| __________ process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas | denitrinification |
| The different forms of a gene are ____________ | alleles |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan used _____ _______ in his studies because they produce a large amount of offspring | fruit flies |
| ____________ _______ states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes | independent assortment |
| _____________ is when the phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed. For example in chickens this can cause chickens to have speckled feathers | codominance |
| _______ ________ one allele is not completely dom inant over the other | incomplete dominance |
| __________ ____________ many genes exist in several different forms | multiple alleles |
| __________ ___________ aare traits controlled by two or more genes | polygenic traits |
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