Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
68WM6 Ph 2 Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| intense pain over a short duration | acute pain |
| pain lasting longer than 6 months | chronic pain |
| potent polypeptides composed of many amino acids found in the pituitary gland and other areas of the CNS that are activated by stress and pain | endorphins |
| suggests that pain impulses are regulated and sometimes blocked by gating mechanisms located along the central nervous system | gate control theory |
| this type of sleep is necessary for body tissue restoration and healthy cardiac function | non-rapid eye movement |
| injurious to physical health | noxious |
| allows patient to admister analgesia to self as needed | patient-controlled analgesia |
| this type of sleep is necessary for brain and cognitive restoration | rapid eye movement |
| pain felt at a site other than the injured or diseased organ or part of the body | referred pain |
| the action of two or more substances or organs to achieve an greater effect than either could individually | synergistic |
| orivudes a continuous mild electric current to the skin via electrodes that are attached to a stimulator by flexible wires | transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation |
| pain scale where patient mars a spot on a horizontal line to indicate pain intensity | visual analog scale |
| common causes of discomfort | anxiety, depression, distension, fatigue, fear, flatus, headach, incontinence, nausea, etc. |
| McCaffery and Pasero's theory of pain | "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does" |
| is pain subjective or objective in nature? | subjective |
| according to the gate control theory, these factors can alter the passage of pain impulses into concious awareness | thoughts, feelings, memories |
| the "fifth vital sign" | pain |
| subjective data in pain assessment | site, severity, duration, and location |
| objective data in pain assessment | tachycardia, increased respirationi rate, increased blood presssure, pallor, dilated pupils, increased muscle tension |
| factors that can synergistically increase a patients perception of pain | fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression |
| this type of analgesia inhibits prostaglandins and may block pain impulses in the CNS and perhipherally | nonopioids |
| this form of analgesia probably relieves pain by action mainly in the CNS by binding to opioid receptor sites in the brain and the spinal cord | opioids |
| a group of analgesics that relieves pain by a variety of mechanisms, many of which are not understood | adjuvant analgesics |
| noninvasive approaches to pain control using cutaneous stimulation | heat, cold, massage, TENS |
| noninvasive approaches to pain control by use of methods other than cutaneous stimulation | distraction, relaxation, guided imagery, meditation, hypnonsis, biofeedback |
| invasive methods of pain control | nerve blocks, epidural analgesics, neurosurgical procedures, acupuncture |
| three classes of medications used for analgesia | nonopioids, opioids, adjuvant analgesics |
| similar to acupuncture, but uses pressure at specific points rather than needle stimulation | accupressure |
| method of stimulating certain points on the body by the insertion of special needles to modify the preception of pain, normalize physiologic functions, or treat or prevent disease | accupuncture |
| traditional or conventional western medicine | allopathic medicine |
| include the same interventions as complementary therapies, but used as the primary treatment method rather than allopathis medicine | alternative therapies |
| uses pure essential oils, produced from plants, to provide health benefits | aromatherapy |
| noninvasive method of determining a patient's eruromuscular and autonomic nervous system response by measureing body functions (vitals) | biofeedback |
| doctors of this undergo extensive training in manipulation of the musculoskeletal system | chiropractic therapy |
| therapies used in addition to convetional treatment recommended by a person's health care provider | complementary therapies |
| usually uses the whole plant and does not have any standardized doses | herbal therapy |
| an approach to nursing that addresses and treats the mind, body, and spirit of the patient | holistic nursing |
| use the concious mind to create mental images to evoke physical chahnges in the body, create a sense of improved wellbeing, and enhance selfawareness | imagery |
| channels of energy | meridians |
| sometimes derived from herbs but separate the active from inactive ingredients and have standardized dosagages; regulated by FDA | pharmaceuticals |
| life force | qi |
| this form of complementary/alternative medicine is based on the idea that it is possible to exert an effect on the entire body by applying pressure to specific areas on the feet | reflexology |
| the state of a generalized decrease in cognitive, physiologic, or behavioral arousal | relaxation |
| chinese martial arty using theory of opposites; improves strength, flexibility, coordination, agility, reaction time, sensitivity, and confidence | tai chi, or taiji |
| massage performed by trained professionals to manipulate the soft tissues of the body and assist with healing | thereapeutic massage |
| "yoke"; a combination of breathing exercises, physical postures, and meditation | yoga |
| in this type of alternative/complementary therapy the manufacturere is not required by law to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, or quality of their product | herbal therapy |
| these practitioners adjust the joints of the body by gentle manipulation to put the area back in proper alignment | chiropractors |
| does a chiropractor prescribe medicine | no |
| contraindications to aromatherapy | eczema, allergies, pregnancy |
| contraindications to therapeutic massage | phlebitis, thrombosis, infectiouis disease |
| in this complementary/alternative treatment, specific scents are used to relax, stimulate, improve digestion, increase hormone production, improve circulation, or improve memory | aromatherapy |
| possible physiologic responses to magnet therapy | vasodilation, analgesic action, anti-inflammatory, relief of spasm, healing acceleration, reduce swelling |
| contraindications to magnet therapy | pregnancy, pacemakers, insulin pumps, cochlear implants, electric blanket or heating pad, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism |
| harmful, unintended reaction to a drug administered at a normal dosage | adverse drug reaction |
| a drug that produces a predictable response at the intended site of action | agonist |
| severe, life threatening hypersensitivity reaction | anaphylactic shock |
| a drug that will block the action of another drug | antagonist |
| total area of the body exposed to the outside environment | body surface area |
| medication achieved by placing a tablet between the cheek and the teeth or gum | buccal |
| the ability of two drugs to coexist without any negative or positive drug interaction | compatibility |
| the eventual total of incremental steps | cumulative |
| bottom of the fraction | denominator |
| a way of calculating drug dosage based on the dosage desired, conversion factor, dosage on hand | dimensional analysis |
| the number of drops of solution required to produce 1 ml of fluid | drip factor |
| modification of the effect of a drug when administered with another drug | drug interaction |
| a drug given at any portion of the GI tract | enteral |
| medication that is specially coated to keep it from being absorbed in the stomach | enteric coated |
| outer terms of a proportion | extremes |
| standard scale of measurement for needle diameter | gauge |
| markings on a medicine cup or syringe indicating a specific amount | graduated |
| an individual's unique hypersensitivity to a particular drug | idiosyncratic |
| heparin or saline lock | intermittent venous access device |
| the inside of the hollow shaft of a a hypodermic needle | lumen |
| inner terms of a proportion | means |
| curve formed by liquid's upper surface | meniscus |
| a substance produced by metabolic action that results in the breakdown of a drug | metabolite |
| unit for measuring the concentration of electrolytes in a certain volume of solution | milliequivalent |
| top of a fraction | numerator |
| any route of medication administration other than by digestive or percutaneous | parenteral |
| the portion of a whole as an expression of how many hundredths (%) | percent |
| medication administered through the skin or mucous membranes | percutaneous |
| study of drugs and their action on the human body | pharmacology |
| a drug increases the action or effect of another drug, also called synergism | potentiation |
| the concept that the relationship between two ratios has equal value | proportion |
| to crush into powder | pulverize |
| the relationship of one number or quantity to another | ratio |
| ungraduated disposable paper cup | souffle cup |
| medication placed under the tongue | sublingual |
| the dosage of a medication that is effective and beneficial | therapeutic |
| reduced response to a drug over time | tolerance |
| medication applied to the skin | topical applications |
| the amount of a drug prescribed for the patient by the physician in a given amount of time or at a given frequency | drug dosage |
| the smallest amount of a drug that produces a therapeutic effect | minimal dosage |
| the amount of a drug that produces signs and symptoms of poisoning | toxic dosage |
| the amount of a drug that will cause death | lethal dosage |
| six rights of medication administration | medication, dose, time, route, patient, documentation |
| factors that affect drug action in patients | age, weight, physical health, psychological status, temperature of environment, sex, amount of food in stomach, dosage form |
| immediately; number one priority | stat |
| as soon as possible, number three priority | asap |
| give now; number two priority | now |
| as necessary; can be requested by patient or given at the discretion of the nurse within specific parameters set by the physician | prn |
| drugs that have a high possibility for abuse or addiction | controlled substance |
| an order stated by the physician; must be signed withing 24 hours | verbal order |
| verbal order given over the telephone | telephone order |
| orders that arre already written by a physician for any patient on a particular unit or area; no need to confirm them with physician before taking action | standing order |
| the largest amount of a drug that it is possible to give safely | maximal dosage |
| how many times should medications be checked before administration? | three |
| what is the correct method for identifying a patient before administering medication? | full name, date of birth |
| when should medications be charted? | after administration |
| what is the correct method for selecting an injection site? | anatomical landmarks |
| whose responsiblility is it to ensure that a patient receives the correct medication ordered by the physician? | the nurse |
| how many people are required to waste a controlled substance? | two |
| what is the fastest method of medication administration? | parenteral |
| what is the purpose of the z-track methos of injection? | to minimise irritation and tissue discoloration |
| that are intradermal injections commonly used for? | skin testing |
| viscous fluid that consists of plasma and formed elements | blood |
| pH range of blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| normal NaCl concentration in blood | 0.9% |
| plasma proteins that help thicken and maintain blood volume | albumins |
| plasma proteins that help protect the body from infection | globulins |
| plasma proteins necessary for blood clotting | fibrinogen |
| average adult blood volume | 4-6 L |
| three granular leukocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| two nongranular leukocytes | lymphocytes, monocytes |
| the three major formed elements of blood | RBC's, WBC's, and platelets |
| substances transported in the blood | oxygen and CO2, nutrients, waste products, hormones |
| elements of homeostasis regulated by blood | pH, water content, prevents blood loss, body temperature |
| the part of the blood that is mostly responsible for transporting O2 | hemoglobin |
| three elements of hemostasis (stopping hemorrhage) | vessel spasm, platelet plug formation, clot formation |
| clear, straw colored portion of blood that is a mixture of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular wastes | plasma |
| smallest but most abundant plasma protein, important in maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure of blood | albumin |
| indications for administration of whole blood | hemorrhage, hypovolemic shock |
| indications for administration of fresh whole blood | multiple trasfusion, exchange transfusions, priming agent for hemodialysis |
| indications for the administration of packed RBC's | danger of circulatory overload, anemia, low hemoglobin |
| indications for the administration of washed RBC's (deglycerolized) | hypersensitivity reactions likely, immunosuppressed patient, history of reactions, bone marrow transplant patients |
| indications for the administratioin of fresh frozen plasma | clottind deficiencies, for blood volume expansion (burns, shock, protein deficiency), warfarin overdose |
| procedure in which blood is drawn off, cleansed, and returned to circulation | plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) |
| indications for plasmapheresis | immune disorders, multiple myeloma, glomerulonephritis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis |
| indications for the administration of granulocytes | low granulocytes |
| indications for the administration of pooled platelets | thrompocytopenia, low platelet count, active bleeding |
| indications for the administration of single donor platelets | thrombocytopenia, active bleeding, low platelets with history of febrile or allergic reactions |
| indications for the administration of cryoprecipitate | hemophilia, fibrinogen deficiency, von Willebrand's diseaase |
| indications for the administration of antihemophilic factor concentrate | hemophilia |
| indications for the administration of factor IX complex | hemophilia B, clotting factor deficiency, warfarin overdose |
| indications for the administration of plasma protein fraction | hypovolemic shock, protein replacement, burns, ARDS, dehydration, hypoalbuninemia |
| indications for the administration of albumin | blood volume expansion, prevent and treat cerebral edema |
| indications for the administration of gamma globulins | hepatitis exposure, mumps |
| the physician's order for the administratioin of blood or blood product must contain... | type of component, volume, rate, any special conditions |
| before infusion of blood products, the nurse must verify... | physician's order, patient consent form |
| this type of transfusion reaction is caused by the administration of ABO incompatible blood | acute hemolytic |
| signs and syptoms of acute hemolytic reaction | chills, fever, low back pain, flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, vascular collapse |
| this transfusion reaction is caused by sensitization to donor white blood cells, platelets, or plasma proteins | febrile, nonhemolytic |
| signs and symptoms of febrile reaction | fever, chills, headache, flushing, anxiety, muscle pain |
| this transfusion reaction is caused by sensitivity to foreign plasma proteins and results in flushing, itching, and hives | allergic |
| this type of infusion reaction is caused by administration of fluid faster than circulation can accomodate, and results in cough, dyspena, pulmonary congestion, headache, hypertension, tachycardia, and distended neck veins | circulatory overload |
| this transfusion reaction is the result of contaminated blood | sepsis |
| what immediate reaction should the nurse take if he/she observes signs or symptoms of a transfusion reaction? | stop transfusion, administer saline, notify charge nurse or physician |
| this vascular access device is inserted throught the chest wall into the subclavian vein, or through the neck into the internal jugular vein | PICC (perhipherally inserted central catheter) |
| how long do PICC lines normally remain in place? | 7 days to 3 months |
| these vascular access devices are implanted surgically through a subcutaneous tunnell | CVTC central venous tunneled catheter |
| types of CVTC's | broviac, groshong, hickman |
| you must use this type of needle to access implanted devices | huber needle |
| how often should central line dressings be changed? | once at 24 hours, and then every seven days thereafter |
| what does SASH stand for, in relation to medication administration through a VAD | saline, administer, saline, heparin |
| complications of VAD's | infection, air embolism, occlusion, improper placement |
| how must placement of a PICC or CVTC be verified? | xray |
| what is the best position for the administration of oral medications? | upright, (fowlers, high fowlers) |
| how much water should you used to flush the NG tube before and after administration of meds? | 30-50 mL |
| where should you read the amount of a liquid medication? | at the meniscus |
| these medications dissolve at room temperature | suppositories |
| what is one essential piece of equipment before applying a topical medication to a patient? | gloves |
| what is the correct placement of eye drops? | conjunctival sac |
| how many drops can the conjunctival sac hold? | two, usually |
| what should you ask the patient to do after the application of eye drops or ointment to speed absorption? | blink or move eyes |
| what temperature should eardrops be at before applied? | room temperature |
| which way should you pull a child's (under three) ear to straighten the auditory canal? | downward and back |
| which way should you pull an adults ear to straighten the auditory canal? | upward and back |
| what should you have your patient do before administering nasal sprays or drops? | blow nose gently |
| how far from the mouth should an inhaler without spacer be held? | 1/2 to 1 inch |
| how much does a tuberculin syring hold? | 1 mL |
| how large should a syringe be (at a minimum) for use on a central line? | 10 mL |
| what are insulin syringes calibrated to? | units |
| how often should blood glucose be monitored for a patient on TPN? | every 6-8 hours |
| how often should vital signs be monitored for a patient on TPN? | every 4-8 hours |
| in blood transfusion, what flow rate should be set for the first 15 minutes? | 2mL/minute |
Created by:
ewoff85
Popular Nursing sets