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Topics 7-8 EarthSci

Topics 7 and 8 Vocab for Earth Science Regents

QuestionAnswer
weather variables include temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture conditions, cloud cover, precipitation, and storms
troposphere the part of the atmosphere directly above the Earth's surface where most of our weather occurs
atmospheric/barometric/air pressure the pressure dure to the weight of the overlying atmosphere pushing down on any given area
barometer instrument used to measure air pressure
isobar an isoline that connects areas of similiar air pressure
air pressure gradient the difference in air pressure for a specific distance
anemometer an instrument used to measure wind speed
jet streams bands of easterly moving air at the top of the troposphere with winds blowing 200+ mph
planetary wind belts areas within which winds move generally in a specific direction the majority of the time
monsoons extreme weather changes resulting from the shifting of wind belts
water vapor gaseous vapor found in the atmosphere
humidity the water vapor content of the atmosphere
relative humidity the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air
dew point the temperature at which the air is filled with water vapor
psychrometer an instrument used to measure dew point and relative humidity
atmospheric transparency how transparent that atmosphere is to insolation
visibility how far you can see along Earth's surface expressed in miles
air mass a large body of air in the troposphere with similar characteristics or pressure, moisture, and temperature
cyclones low pressure systems; weather is warm and wetter
anticyclones high pressure systems; "high and dry", weather is cooler and drier
front an interface or boundary between air masses
cold front the boundary of an advancing cold air mass and a warmer air mass
warm front the boundary of an advancing warm air mass and a retreating cooler air mass
occulded front the boundary of opposing wedges of cold air masses formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front, lifting the warm air mass of the ground
stationary front when two adjacent air masses of different characteristics remain in the same positions
polar front an ever-changing boundary between the colder air masses towards the poles and the warmer air masses towards the equator
cyclonic storms storms that bring heavy precipitation; formed as a result of conditions associated with polar fronts that result in an occulded front
probability chance
station model a model that indicates a site's weather variables for a specific time of day
radar RAdio Detection And Ranging; an instrument that reflects radio electromagnetic energy off the aerosols of perciptiation and clouds, resulting in an image
hydrologic/water cycle a model used to illustrate the movement and the phase changes of water at and near Earth's surface
water retention when precipitation is stored on that land surface as ice or snow
infiltrate seep, sink
water table the interface between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeration
ground water the subsurface water below the water table
porosity the percentage of open space (pores and cracks) in a material compared to its total volume
permeability the ability of a material to allow fluids such as water to pass through it
capillarity the attractive force between water molecules and surrounding Earth materials
stream discharge the volume of water flowing past a certain spot in a stream in a specific amount of time
climate the overall view of a regions weather conditions over a long period of time
prevailing winds movements or air over Earth's surface that blow in the same direction most of the time
urbanization the building of cities
Created by: knicolej
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