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Bilayer for Biology
Plasma Membrane
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the structure of the plasma membrane? | it is composed of phospholipids, proteins and has a fluid mosaic structure. |
| Fluid Mosaic structure indicates that... | the bilayer is made of fluid, is flexible, can seal itself up, pinch portions of itself off, and can fuse with other membranes. |
| Glycoprotein | partly carbohydrate, partly protein |
| What are phospholipids? | 2 fatty acids attached to a phosphate and glycerol molecules. They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. |
| Since phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails it makes since that proteins... | have hydrophylic outsides and hydrophobic insides. |
| Integral proteins | expand all across the membrane |
| Peripheral proteinis | are only on one side of the membrane (usually the inside) |
| How does membrane structure affect its structure? | it is selectively permeable (polar chemicals can't pass through the membrane) except for water which does so slowly. |
| Transport Protein | transports chemical into the cell (usually an intergral protein) |
| cell surface receptors | involved in signal transduction (usually an integral protein) |
| cell surface identifiers | used for recognition of material (usually a glycoprotein) |
| enzymes | acts as a catalyst allowing certain reactions to happen |
| Attachment proteins | attach to extra cellular matrix and to cytoskeleton |
| inter-cellular junctions | cell joins to another cell (cell adhesion proteins) |
| Diffusion | net movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (moves along a concentration gradient and does not require energy). substance becomes evenly distributed after diffused |
| Simple Diffusion | Diffuses through the membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | diffuses through a protein channel |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Osmotic Pressure | how much water is inside the cell |
| Isotonic | equal solute concentrations and no net movement of H2O |
| hypertonic | higher concentration of solute outside than inside; lower concentration of water. net loss of H2O from cell; cell shrinks |
| hypotonic | lower concentration of solute outside than inside; higher concentration of water; net flow of H2O into cell; cell swells |
| Osmotic pressure in plants | Turgor Pressure: Cell membrane swells in hypotonic solution and presses against the cell wall. Plasmolysis: Cell membrane shrivels but is still attached in some places to the cell wall. (Causes Plant to Wilt) |
| Active Transport | Cell uses ATP to transport substances against a concentration gradient. |
| ATP = | ADP + Pi (inorganic Phosphate) |
| ADP + Pi (inorganic Phosphate)= | ATP |
| Example of active transport? | Sodium-Potassium Pump (3 Na outside/ 2 K inside) |
| Exocytosis | transporting material to the outside; increases area of membrane; the vesicle fuses with the membrane and sends the particles outside the cell |
| Phagocytosis | a form of endocytosis that transports particles into the cell wrapping them in a vacuole; decreases area of membrane |
| Endocytosis | transport of particles or liquids into the cell; deacreases area of membrane |
| Pinocytosis | fuses with microvilli and is wrapped in a vesicle; cell drinks the liquid; decreases area of membrane |
| Intercellular Junction | proteins zip together |
| Anchoring junctions | cadherins attach to one another from the protein and (Velcro) together; The protein is called a desmosome. They are found in the skin and muscles. |
| Tight Junctions | totally seals the gap between cells (intestines); uses tight junction proteins. |
| Gap Junction | connexon (6 proteins) form a tube and let the exchange of materials occur |
| Plasmadesmata | cell junction that allows plant cells to exchange materials. smooth ER helps to hold space open in cell wall. |
| central tubule | middle that connects the plant cells |
Created by:
kg92
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