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chapter 36 humans
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epidermis | out layer of skin |
| epidermis | approximately 20 layers of dead skin cells |
| epidermis | constantly shed and replaced with new cells |
| dermis | inner layer of skin |
| dermis | contains nervers, blood vessels, hymph vessels |
| integumentary system | consists of skin, hair, nails |
| keratin | protein that makes up skin cells ,hair cells and nails |
| sweat glands | release excess water, salt, urea, also regualtes temperature |
| seabum | oil glands are secreted with this which softens and water proofs skin |
| melanin | pigment produced in lower layers of epidermis from exposure to sunlight |
| name of head skeleton | cranium |
| upper jaw | maxilla |
| lower jaw | mandible |
| fingers | phalanges |
| wrist bones | carpels |
| bone from humerous to pinky | ulna |
| bone from humerous to thumb | radius |
| thigh bone | femar |
| knee bone | patella |
| calf bone | tibula |
| bone beside calf bone | fibula |
| ankle | tarsals |
| part of bone that makes blood | bone marrow |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary; striated; moves body |
| smooth muscle | not voluntary; not striated; control organ function |
| cardiac muscle | muscle found only in the heart |
| two proteins muscles are made of | actin and myosin |
| myosin | acts like little hooks |
| actin | acts like little loops |
| origin | points of attachment that is stationary |
| insertion | point of attachment that moves |
| originof the arm | shoulder |
| insertion of arm | fore arm |
| flexor of the arm | bicep; it bends the elbow |
| extressor of the arm | tricep; it straightens the elbows |
| opposing muscle pairs of the leg | quadriceps and hamstring |
| origin of the leg | hip |
| insertion of the leg | knee |
| flexor of the leg | hamstring because it bends the knee |
| extensor of the leg | quadriceps because it straightens the knee |
| bones in the adult | 206 |
| embryo's skelton | entirely cartiledge |
| cartiledge after birth | fuse together |
| after ossification | bones only grow that growth plates and when damaged |
| cartiledge is related in.. | nose, ears, between vertebrae, covers joints, and at rib attachment |
| ostrocytes | living tissue made of bone cells |
| haversion canals | tunnels through bone for blood vessels |
| place where 2 bones meet | joint |
| immovable joint | fixed, no movement; SKULL |
| ball and socket | circular movement; HIP, SHOULDER |
| hinge | back and fourth; KNEE AND ELBOW |
| pivot | allows bones to move over one another; LOWER ARM |
| gliding | allows precise and delicate movement; WRIST AND ANKLE |
| ligament | bone held to bone |
| tendon | muslce held to bone |
| cartiledge | tips of bone coated with this |
| synovial fluid | joints lubricated with this |
| bursa | bag if fluid for cushion for joints |
| bursitas | swelling of the bursa causing joint problems |
| arthritas | inflamtion of joint, cartiledge, wear down; not enough synovial fluids |
| osteoporosis | brittle/ weak bones, not enough calcium |
| periosteum | tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone |
| myosin | protein that makes up the thick filaments in striationd in skelatal muscle cells |
| actin | protein that mainly makes up the thin filaments in striations in skeletal muscle cells |
| neuromuscular junction | point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell |
| acetyicholine | neurotransmitter that diffuses across a synapse and produces an impulse in the cell membrane of a muscle cell |
| hair follicle | tubelike pocket of epidermal cells that extends into the dermis; cells at the base of hair follicules produce hair. |
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