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Bio-Reproduction Rvw
Regents Biology Final Exam Review for Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In Mitosis, do the number of chromosomes stay the same? | Yes. |
| Do the number of chromosomes stay the same in meiosis? | No, they are halved in meiosis. |
| Name some advantages for asexual reproduction. | Quicker, less effort, exact copy of parent cell, no courting, time doesn't need to be spent with young. |
| Name some disadvantages for asexual reproduction. | Prone to the same diseases as parent cell. |
| Name some advantages of sexual reproduction. | More variety in DNA. |
| Name some disadvantages of sexual reproduction. | Takes more time and effort, courtship has to take place, time is usually spent with young. |
| When is mitosis used? | In all forms of asexual reproduction. |
| The number and types of chromosomes in the daughter cells are ____ as in the parent cell. | Equal. |
| What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for? | Growth and repair. |
| What do simple one celled organisms use mitosis for? | Reproduction. |
| One division of a cell is equal to what? | Two identical, diploid (2n) cells. |
| A diploid is a cell with how many sets of chromosomes? | Two. |
| What does meiosis make? | Gametes (sex cells) used in sexual reproduction. |
| What are the gametes? | Sperm and egg. |
| Once cell divides twice into...? | Four DIFFERENT haploid (1n) cells. |
| What is a haploid? | A cell with one set of chromosomes (1/2 normal number). |
| What does meiosis separate? | Pairs of chromosomes so that offspring get one chromosome of each pair from each parent. |
| How many chromosomes does each daughter cell receive? | Half the chromosomes of the parent cell. |
| What organ produce and store sperm? | Testies. |
| What are sperm? | Haploid cells made by the process of meiosis. |
| Sperm are produced in what kinds of numbers throughout a male's life? | Large. |
| Sperm are ___ in comparison to eggs and are mobile. | Smaller. |
| Sperm only provide offspring with what? | 23 chromosomes - everything else is in the egg. |
| What is the male sex hormone, made in the testies? | Testosterone. |
| What transfers sperm into the female reproductive system? | The penis. |
| What is semen? | The fluid that carries sperm. |
| What does sperm contain that gives it energy? | Sugar. |
| What produce eggs? | Ovaries. |
| Eggs are what kinds of cells? | Haploid cells made by the process of meiosis. |
| How many eggs are females born with? | All the eggs they will ever need - millions. Enough for several life times. |
| When is an egg fully matured? | Not until ovulation. |
| What do eggs contain? | 23 chromosomes and all cell parts (mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.) that the offspring will need to grow and develop. |
| How long does the menstrual cycle last on average? | 28 days. |
| What is ovulation? | The release of an egg (typically one per cycle). |
| What is menstruation? | The shedding of the uterine wall if fertilization doesn't occur. |
| When does the menstrual cycle stop? | If pregnancy occurs, it will temporarily stop. |
| What carries the egg to the uterus? | The Fallopian Tubes. |
| Where is the womb in which a baby will develop? | The Uterus. |
| What is the birth canal in which the baby will leave the body? | The Vagina. |
| Where does fertilization occur? | In the Fallopian Tubes. |
| What is a fertilized egg called? | A Zygote. |
| Fertilization restores the complete set of chromosomes. This makes the zygote a _____. | Diploid. |
| What is the order in which a zygote develops? | Zygote --> Embryo --> Fetus. |
| What is cleavage? | A form of mitosis in which cells divide but do no differentiate. |
| What is differentiation? | When cells begin to specialize and for into tissues and organs. |
| What is a characteristic that all body cells share? | They all have the same genes, but cells have different forms and different functions because during differentiation, different genes are turned off or on in different cell types. |
| What transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood into the blood of the fetus? | The Placenta. |
| What is the transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the placenta called? | Diffusion |
| Do the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus ever mix? | No, they never mix. |
| What attached the fetus to the placenta? | The umbilical cord. |
| What removed the waste products produced by the fetus? | The Placenta also does this job. |
| Does the fetus have to eliminate feces? | No, the fetus does not eat solid food and does therefore not have to eliminate feces. |
| Why is a fetus vulnerable to alcohol, drugs, ect? | Because organs and systems are still developing. |
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megoodwin96
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