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Bio-Evolution Rvw
Regents Biology Final Exam Review for Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Evolution. | Change in a kind of organism over time. Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. |
| Who thought up of the Modern Theory of Evolution? | Charles Darwin |
| Was Charles Darwin the first to think of evolution? | No, but he did figure out how it works for the most part. |
| Did Darwin know about mutations? | No, he did not know about genes and therefore could not hypothesize mutations. |
| How old is Earth? | 4.55 billion years. Earth is constantly changing. |
| Define Variation. | A change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level; typically with certain limits. |
| If there is no variation, what can't occur? | Evolution (natural selection) can not occur without variation. There is nothing to 'select.' |
| Define Inheritance. | Genetic traits transmitted from parent to offspring; taken collectively. |
| Define Over-production. | Production in excess of need or stipulated amount. |
| Define Competition for Limited Resources. | Resources that are scarce or cycle slowly that limit organism growth and decrease their numbers. |
| Define Adaptations. | Inherited characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival. |
| Define Survival of the Fittest. | Process of natural selection resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. NOTE:: Traits are inherited randomly. Individual offspring of fit parents can still inherit unfit traits. You only see common fit traits in populations |
| What is Natural Selection? | When all factors are summarized in the mechanism that causes species to change over time. |
| Is Natural Selection a conscious act? | No. No one is "choosing" who survives and who doesn't. Individuals had to inherit fit traits by the luck of the draw. |
| Define Common Descent. | Modern species evolved from earlier, different species. Meaning they share a common ancestor. |
| What happens to species that do not have adaptations? | They become extinct. |
| Name four mechanisms in which new traits (variation) come out of. | Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, Mutation, and Reproduction. |
| What does the environment have to do with evolution? | Species usually evolve when the environment changes. |
| Can species evolve because of seasonal changes? | No; changes need to be long term. |
| What environmental changes can trigger evolutionary changes to occur? | Climate change, change in temperature, change in water availability, change in food availability, introduction of new species, or relocation of species. |
| Do environmental changes cause evolution to occur? | No. A temperature or climate change does not itself force a species to change its inherited characteristics. If this were true, all species would be able to adapt and extinction would be rare. |
| Define Fossil Record. | preserves extinct species as well as transitional forms between different types of organisms. |
| Define Radiometric Dating. | Rock layers consistently confirm the age of the Earth and fossils. |
| What are Comparative Studies? | Comparisons of the anatomy, embryology, chemistry, and genes of species to confirm relations ships. |
| What are often used to show evolutionary relationships? | Branching tree diagrams. |
| What is Direct Observation? | Humans have seen evolution occur both in nature and in the lab. Examples include: Bacteria-resistance to antibiotics, Insects-resistance to pesticides, modeling natural selection to selective breeding. |
| Are stronger organisms more fit than weak ones? | Evolutionary fitness is not physical fitness. Fitness is determined by who is better adapted to survive and who can pass on their genes. Stronger is not always better. |
| Do organisms evolve to live in their environment? | Individual organisms do not evolve. Only populations can evolve. Individual organisms are selected to survive or not survive. |
| If an organism can not adapt, will it go extinct? | Individual organisms die; they can not go extinct. On species can become extinct. |
| Do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics when they become exposed to them? | To evolve, variations must exist in a species BEFORE the environment changes. Bacteria who did not already have a resistance would die when exposed. |
| Did giraffes grow long necks because they needed them to get to the high leaves of trees? | Species do not evolve traits because they need them. |
| Deeper fossils are typically _____ than those above them. | Older. |
| Where can Transitional Forms for many species be found? | In the fossil record. |
| What are Homologous structures? | Same internal structures, different external form because of different functions. They reveal that the same body parts can be modified to preform different functions. |
| What can Evolutionary Trees show? | The relationship between living and extinct species. |
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megoodwin96
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