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rocks and fossils 4Q
rocks and fossils
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is stratification | layering of sedimentary rock |
| what is weathering | the breakdown of rock |
| Cementation | causes the individual mineral grains in sandstone to be held together. |
| Compaction and Cementation | The 2 PROCESSES that take place before sediments are turned into rock |
| What process is made through which sedimentary rocks are formed? | Sediments are Weathered, Eroded, Deposited, Compacted, and Cemented. (WEDCC) |
| What types of rock can weather and wear away to form sediments | All types. |
| Where do most animals live that most fossils come from | oceans |
| what is leaching | the process by which rainwater dissolves and carries away the minerals and nutrients in the topsoil. |
| what factors usually cause weathering by abrasion | wind, water, gravity. |
| what type of rock is garnit schist and example of? | metamorphic rock |
| what unique propery of water directly causes mechanical weathering | water expands when it freezes |
| what is humus and where does it come from | very small particles of decayed plant and animal material in the soil. |
| in what type of conditions are chemical weathering most rapid? | warm and wet |
| what is chemical weathering | the chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances |
| what are two examples of chemical weathering | dissolving of a rock in water, and oxidation |
| what is differential weathering | the process by which softer, less resistant rocks wear away, leaving harder, more weather resistant rocks behind. |
| what factors/agents could be responsible for depositing transported soil? | wind, water, and glaciers |
| what is a parent rock? | rock that is the source of all soil. |
| what produces many large ocean waves? | windy storms |
| What smooths the landscape the most, even more than waves and strong winds | continental glaciers |
| what is formed when wave action continuess to erode a sea cave, cutting completely through the headland | sea arch |
| what is abrasion | grinding and wearing down of rock surfaces by other rock or sand particles |
| Hoodoos are formed when bits of sand (from a sandstorm in a desert) wear away at the rocks surface. What is this and example of? | Abrasion |
| What are causes of glacier movement? | Downward pull of graviety on the glaciers heavy mass, solid ice crystals within the glacier slipping over each other causing forward motion and the weight of the glacier melting the ice at the bottom allowing the glacier to slide forward. |
| What can form hen a valley changes from its original V shape as glaaciers flow into it and erode it? | U-valley |
| What is a kettle? | A depression created by a glacier that usually gets filled with water to form a lake or a pond. |
| what are stiations? | The grooves that form as larger rocks embedded in the glacier gouge out grooves in the surface of rock. |
| How are rock layers arranged in the geological column | youngest on the top, oldest at the bottom |
| what is a trace fossil | Provides evidence that an organism was once present |
| What is an example of a trace fossil | A preserved footprint |
| What is the principle of superposition? | Younger rock is over older rock |
| What are index fossils | fossils used to date rock layers |
| what can a scientist learn from studying the relationships between fossils? | How life has changed. |
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