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Homeostasis Key Term
These are the key terms to know for homeostasis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acclimatization | Acclimatization is an environmentally induced improvement in functioning of a physiological system with no change in genetic endowment |
| Aquired Reflex | An acquired reflex is a learned response to a particulat stimulus |
| Adaptation | Adaptation is a biological characteristic that favors survival in a particular environment |
| Afferent Pathway | The afferent pathway is a component of the reflex arc that transmits information from the receptor to the integrating center |
| Apoptosis | Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that typically occurs during cell differentiation and development |
| Autocrine Agent | An autocrine agent is a chemical messenger that is secreted into the extracellular fluid and acts upon the cell that secreted it |
| Basement Membrane | The basement membrane is a thin layer of extracellular proteinacious material upon which epithelial and endothelial tissues sit |
| Cell | The cell is the simplest structural unit into which a complex multicelllular organism can be divided and still posses the functions characteristic of life |
| Cell Differentaition | Cell differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional properties |
| Circadian Rhythm | A circadian rhythm is an event occurring in an approximated 24hour cycle |
| Collagen | Collagen is a strong fibrous protwin that functions as the extracellulat structural element in connective tissue. |
| Connective Tisue | Connective tissue is one of the four major types of tissues in the body. Connective tissue is the major component of extracellular matrices, cartilage, and bone |
| Connective Tissue Cell | A connective tissue cell is a cell that is specialized to form exracellular elements that connect, anchor, and support body structures |
| Critical Period | the critical period is the time during development when a system is most readinly influenced by factors, sometimes irreversibly |
| Developmental Acclimatization | Developmental acclimatization is acclimatization that occurs during the critical period and is often irreversible |
| Effector | An effector is a cell or cell collection whose change in activity constitutes the response in a control system |
| Efferent Pathway | The efferent pathway is the component of a reflex arc that transmits information from the integrating center to the effector |
| Elastin Fiber | Elastin is a protein with elastic, or spring like properties found in large arteries and in the airways |
| Endocrine Gland | An endocrine gland is a group of epithelial cells that secrete into the extracellulat space hormones that diffuse into the bloodstream |
| Entrainment | Entrainment is adjusting the biological rhythm to environmental cues |
| Epithelial Cell | An epithelial cell is a cell that is specialized to slectively secrete or absorb ions or organic molecules, and for protection |
| Epithelial Tissue | Epithelial tissue is one of the four major types of tissues in the body. Epithelial tissues are located mainly at the surfaces: that cover the body or individual organs, or that line the walls of various tubes and hollow structures in the body |
| Equilibrium | Equilibrium denotes no net change in the system, and it requires no energy imput |
| External Environment | The external environment is the space surrounding the body |
| Extracellular Fluid | The extracellular fluid is composed of the interstitail fluid and the blood plasma. 80% is interstitial fluid and 20% is blood plasma |
| Extracellular Matrix | the extracellular matrix is a complex consisting of a mixture of proteins in which the extracellulat fluid is interspersed |
| Feedforward | Feedforward is an aspect of some control systems that allows the system to anticipate changes in a regulated variable |
| Free-running Rhythm | A free-running rhythm is a cyclical activity driven by a biological clock in the absence of environmental cues |
| Functional Unit | Functional units are the subunits of organs that perform the function characteristic of that organ |
| Homeostasis | The dynamic process by which living systems are able to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the face of changing external environmental conditions by means of adjustments to dynamic equilibrium states by regulatory mechanisms |
| Homeostatic Control System | A collection of interconnected components that keeps a physical or chemical parameter of internal environment relatively constant within a predetermined range of values |
| Hormone | A hormone is a chemical messenger synthesized by specific endocrine cells in response to certain stimuli and secreted into the blood, which carries it to the target cells |
| Integrating Center | The integrating center is a group of cells that recieve one or more signals and send out the appropriate responses |
| Internal Environment | The internal environment consists of the extracellular fluid: interstitial fluid and blood plasma |
| Interstitial Fluid | The interstitial fluid is the extracellular fluid that surrounds the cells |
| Intracellular Fluid | The intracellular fluid is the fluid located within cells forming the cytoplasm |
| Local Homeostatic Response | A local homeostatic response is a response acting in the immediate vicinity of the stimulus, without nerves or hormones, and having the net effect of counteracting the stimulus |
| Melatonin | Melatonin is a substance secreted by the pineal gland that plays a suspected role in setting the body's circadian rhythmss |
| Muscle Cell | A muscle cell is a specialized cell containing actin and myosin filaments that is capable of generating force and movement |
| Muscle Tissue | Muscle tissue is one of the four major types of tissues in the body, comprising the smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle; can be under voluntary or involuntary control |
| Necrosis | Necrosis is the death of a cell or population of cells within a tissue or organ, usually due to oxygen deprivation and nutrient deprivation. |
| Negative Balance | Negative balance is the loss of a substance from the body that exceeds gain, and the total amount in the body decreases. The substance can also be thought of as temperature and energy |
| Negative Feedback | Negative feedback is a characteristic of a control system where the system's response opposes the original change in the system |
| Neurotransmitter | A neurotransmitter is a type of chemical messenger that nerve cells use to communicate with other cells |
| Nerve Cell | A nerve cell is a cell in the nervouse system specialized to initiate, integrate, and conduct electrical signals |
| Nerve Tissue | Nerve tissue is one of the four major types of tissues in the body, responsible for coordination and control of muscle activity, reflexes, and conscious thought |
| Organ | An organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to perform a common function |
| Organ System | An organ system is a group of organs that together serve to perform an overall function |
| Pacemaker | A pacemaker is a type of neuron that sets the rhythm of a biological clock independent of external cues. This is any nerve or muscle cell that has an autorhythmicity and determines the activity pattern of other cells |
| Paracrine Agent | A paracrine agent is a chemical messenger that exerts its effects on cells near the site of secretion. By convention a neurotransmitter is not a paracrine agent |
| Pathophysiology | Pathophysiology is a term that describes any disease state of the body; and can be thought of as "physiology gone wrong" |
| Phase-Shift | A phase-shift is a resetting of the internal clock due to altered environmental cues |
| Physiology | Physiology is the branch of biology dealing with the mechanisms by which living organisms function |
| Pineal Gland | The pineal gland is an endocrine gland located within the brain tha is responsible for the production and secretion of melatonin, which may play a role in coordinating circadian rhythms |
| Plasma | Plasma is the liquid component of blood and is a component of the extracellular fluid |
| Pool | The pool is the body's readily available quantity of a substance and is often identical to the amount present in the extracellular fluid |
| Positive Balance | Positive balance is the gain of a substance from the body that exceeds loss, and the total amount in the body increases. The substance can also be thought of as temperature or energy |
| Positive Feedback | Positive feedback is a characteristic of control systems i which an initial disturbance sets off a train of events that increases the disturbance even further |
| Receptor(reflex) | A receptor in a reflex arc is a structure that detects a change in the internal or external environment such as temperature, concentration, or pressure. |
| Reflex | A reflex is a biological control system linking a stimulus with a response and is mediated by a reflex arc |
| Reflex Arc | A reflex arc consists of neural or hormonal components that mediate a reflex; usually contains a receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, and effector |
| Set Point | A set point is a steady state value maintained by a homeostatic control system |
| Stable Balance | Stable balance is when the net loss of a substance from the body equals the net gain, and the amount of the substance in the body neither increases or decreases. |
Created by:
garciarussell
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