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100 Ways to Pass
What You Should Know for the Earth Science Regents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If pressure and temperature are constant, the density of any substance is always ______. | the same |
| As pressure increase on a solid or a gass, density ______. | increases |
| As temperature of matter increase, its density _______. | decreases |
| Water _______ when it freezes. | expands |
| The closer the isolines are the ______ the slope or gradient. | steeper |
| Many changes are ______ (an event that repeats itself). | cyclic |
| Water is most dense at ___ degrees Celcius, when it is a liquid. | 4 |
| When calculationg percent deviation, the _______ value is the correct answer while the ________ value is subject to error. | accepted, measured |
| Dynamic equilibrium means _______. | balance |
| Earth ______ short waves (visible light) and ______ long waves (infared energy). | absorbs, radiates |
| The true shape of the Earth is a(n) ________. | oblate spheroid |
| The best model of the Earth at any reasonable scale is a(n) ________. | perfect circle |
| The altitude of Polaris equals your ________. | latitude |
| Latitude lines are drawn _____ - _____ and measure angular distance ______ and ______. | east - west, north and south |
| Longitude lines are drawn ______ - ______and measure angular distances _____ and _____. | north - south, east and west |
| Longitude is based on _____________. | observations of the sun |
| The Earth rotates from ____ to _____ (25 hrs). | west to east |
| The Earth revolves __________ (365.25 days) when viewed from above the North Pole. | counterclockwise |
| The sun appears to rise in the _____ and set in the _____. | east, west |
| The moon has phases because the ______ between the Earth and moon changes as the moon revolves around us, one half always lit | angle |
| Planets appear to ________ (retrograde) as the Earth passes them in space. | go backwards |
| Summer Solstice: _____ Winter Solstice: _____ Equinoxes: ___________ | June 21st December 21st March 21st and September 23rd |
| To an observer in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere facing north, stars appear to make a ________ around Polaris (North Star). | complete circle |
| Blue Shift: object is getting ____ to Earth. Red Shift: object is getting _______, providing evidence that the universe is ______. | closer, further away, expanding |
| Equator always has ____ hours of daylight. | 12 |
| The lower the altitude of the sun, the _____ the shadow it casts. | longer |
| The Coriolis Effect results from the Earth's ______. the Foucault Pendulum illustrates teh Coliolis Effect and so 'proves' the Earth's ______. | rotation |
| The Earth is ______ to the sun in the winter. | closer |
| The Closer the planet is to the sun the ______ its velocity and the further the planet is from the sun, the ______ its velocity. | higher, slower |
| The sun is one ____ on an ellipse. There is _______ at the other ____. | foci, nothing |
| ______ objects absorb energy and _____ objects reflect. | black, white |
| Apparent diameter of objects (sun, moon) gets ______ when the object is closer to Earth. | larger |
| Vertical rays (overhead sun) can only occur between ______ and ______. | 23.5 degrees N and 23.5 degrees S |
| Winds curve to the _____ in the northern hemisphere and to the ____ in the southern hemisphere due to the Earth's ________. (Coriolis Effect) | right, left, rotation |
| Energy moves from source to sink: _____ to ____. | high to low |
| Air moves _______ and ________ around a high pressure system. | clockwise and outward |
| Air moves _________ and ________ around a low pressure system. | counterclockwise and inward |
| Good absorbers of radiation are good _________. | radiators |
| The hottest part/month of the year is in _____ in the Northern Hemisphere. | July |
| The hottest time of the day is after _____. | 1 p.m. |
| As the temperature increases, air pressure ________. | decreases |
| As atmosphere moisture (humidity) increases, atmospheric pressure ________. | decreases |
| Air pressure _______ with altitude. | decreases |
| Cooler and drier air generally exerts ______ pressure. Warm, moist air generally exerts ______ pressure. | higher, lower |
| Wind is the result of ______________. | pressure differences |
| Wind blows from _____ to _____ pressure. | high to low |
| Wind is named for the direction that it ___________. | comes from |
| The closer the air temperature is to the dew point the _______ the chance for ___________. | higher, precipitation |
| Weather moves from _____ to _____ in the U.S. | west to east |
| With the passage of a cold front, the temperature and humidity _______, the pressure _____. | decrease, rises |
| With the passage of a warm front, the temperature and humidity ________, the pressure ________. | increase, decreases |
| __________________ are formed when a cold front overtakes a warm front. | Occluded fronts |
| _______ fronts move the fastest. | Cold |
| As air rises, it _______ and ______. | expands and cools |
| __________ does not depend on particle size. | Porosity |
| As particle size increases, permeability ________. | increases |
| Capillarity _________ when particle size decreases. | increases |
| Ep (potential evapotranspiration) depends on _____________. | temperature |
| Water bodies ___________ temperature. | moderate |
| Adiabatic cooling occurs as rising air ______. The air _______ because the pressure on it is _________. | expands, decreasing |
| Most surface water runoff occurs if the soil is _____, precitiation rate _______ permeability rate, soil is _________ and ______ of the land is too great. | bare, exceeds, saturated, slope |
| Chemical weathering dominates in ______, _______ climates. | warm, humid |
| Physical weathering dominates in _____ climates (good for frost wedging). | cold |
| ________ is the driving force behind erosion. | Gravity |
| ________ are currently the number one agent of erosion in New York state. | Streams |
| Stream velocity depends on ________ and ________. | slope (gradient) and discharge |
| Velocity is greatest on the _______ of meander bends in a river/stream. | outside |
| Heavy, round and dense particles settle out _____. | first |
| Water sorts sediments by size vertically, with the _______ sediments on the bottom (only if sediments settle in still water). | biggest |
| _________ : Earth's crust in equilibrium. | Isostacy |
| _____________ is a buried erosion surface that represents a gap in the geologic/rock record. | Unconformity |
| The four principal types of drainage pattern are related to the underlying regional geology. They are: ________, _________, ________ and ________. | Dendritic (random), Rectangular, Radial and Trellis (block) |
| When a rock is broken into smaller pieces ___________ increases and weathering rate __________. | surface area, increases |
| Mineral properties depend on ______________. | internal atomic arrangement |
| Ocean crust is _____, ______ and ________. | thin, dense and basaltic |
| Continental crust is _____, _______ and _________. | thick, less dense and granitic |
| Sedimentary rocks are commonly ________ and almost all ______ are found in them. | layered, fossils |
| Igneous rock: cools fast = _____ crystals; cools slow = ______ crystals | small, large |
| Metamorphic rocks have a _________-____________ structure. | banded-distorted |
| The silicon (Si) oxygen (O) tetrahedrom is the building block of ________ materials, the most abundant on Earth's crust. | silicate |
| Arid landscapes have ______ slopes with ______ angles. | steep, sharp |
| Humid landscapes have ______, ________ slopes. | smooth, rounded |
| Mid-ocean ridges is where ____________ is being created because of ________________. | new earth, seafloor spreading |
| Trennches are were earth is being _________ at ___________ zones. | destroyed, subduction |
| P-waves are ________ than S-waves. | faster |
| P-waves pass through liquids, solids and gases (that's way people can hear earthquakes). "S"-waves can only travel through ______. | "s"olids |
| You need ____ seismometer stations to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. | 3 |
| __________________ in the mantel move plates. | Convection currents |
| The orientation of the Earth's magnetic field has _________ with time. | reversed |
| _______________ states the earth's crust is broken into plates which can move. | Plate tectonics |
| The three main types of plate boundaries are __________, ___________, and __________. | convergent, divergent, and transform |
| Mountains form by ________. | uplift |
| The _________ of a radioactive element can't be changed. | half-life |
| Index fossils are good time markers because those organisms lived in ________ for a _________. | widespread areas, short amount of time |
| ___________ strata is when the bottom layer of rock is the oldest. | Undisturbed |
| Intrusion and faults are _______ than the rock they are in. | younger |
| Uranium 238 (U 238) dates ____ rocks. | old |
| Carbon 14 dates ______ ________ objects. | recent living |
| USE YOUR _____________! | Earth Science Reference Tables |
Created by:
knicolej
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