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Terminology Chp 1&2
Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| constant foundation and core of medical term | root |
| are usually greek or latin | roots |
| all medical terms have one or more | roots |
| more than one root can have the same meaning | root |
| a root plus a combining vowel creates | combining form |
| are joined to other elments in medical terms by placing a combining vowel | roots |
| the combining vowel is seperated by a | slash (/) |
| presence of air in space that surrounds the lungs in the chest | pneumothorax |
| an element added to the end of a root or combining form to give the word a new meaning. changes the meaning of a word. | suffix |
| means pertaining to/relating to | -ary (suffix) |
| passage of blood through lungs | pulmonary circulation |
| means the study of | -logy (suffix) |
| study of lung | pulmonology |
| means a condition | -ia (suffix) |
| means a process | -ation (suffix) |
| if it begins with a consonant or vowel, it must follow a comibining form | suffix |
| a few medical terms can have two | suffixes |
| always appears at the end of a term | suffix |
| precides a root to change its meaning | prefix |
| can have more than one meaning | prefixes |
| an occasional medical term can have two | prefixes |
| always appears at the beginning of a term | prefix |
| not every term has a | prefix |
| usually indicate time, color, number or location | prefix |
| pertaining to birth | natal |
| means before | pre (prefix) |
| means after | post (prefix) |
| means around | peri(prefix) |
| before birth | prenatal |
| afterbirth | postnatal |
| around the time of birth, includes the time immediately, before, during and after | perinatal |
| pertating to | -al (suffix) |
| means one | uni (prefix) |
| one side of the body | unilateral |
| both sides of the body | bilateral |
| means pertaining to | -ic (suffix) |
| means above | epi (prefix) |
| above the stomach | epigastric |
| means below | hypo (prefix) |
| below the stomach | hypogastric |
| large | macro (prefix) |
| small | micro (prefix) |
| one who studiees or is a specialist in a specic field | -logist(suffix) |
| muscle | myo |
| heart | cardi |
| means a structure | -um(suffix) |
| heart muscle | myocardium |
| pertaining to the heart muscle | myocardial |
| means disease | -pathy (suffix) |
| dx of the heart muscle | cardiomyopathy |
| blood condition | -emia(suffix) |
| to block | -isch |
| blockage of bloodflow | ischemia |
| blockage of bloodflow to the heart muscle | myocardial ischemia |
| pertaining to a condition | -emic (suffix) |
| pertaining to a blockage of bloodflow | ischemic |
| an important component in ensuring patient safety and providing high quality pt care | proper pronounciation of medical terms |
| a bone in pelvis | IlIum |
| segment of small intestine | IlEum |
| gland at base of male bladder | prostate |
| physically weak/exhausted or lie flat on the ground | prostRate |
| low blood pressure | hypotenstion |
| high blood pressure | hypertension |
| below normal pressure | hypotension |
| above normal pressure | hypertension |
| tube from kidney to bladder | ureter |
| tube from bladder to the outside | urethra |
| introduction of substance other than blood thru iv | infusion |
| transfer of blood | transfusion |
| large red blood cell | macrocyte |
| infant born after 42 weeks | postmature |
| small red blood cell | microcyte |
| pertaining to a small red blood | microcytic |
| area of cell death, resulting from blockage of its blood supply | infarkt |
| sudden blockage of an artery | infarction |
| armpit | axilla |
| pertaining to the armit | axillae |
| Lining of a tubular structure that secretes mucous | mucosa |
| an involuntary response to a stimulus | reflex |
| backward flow | reflux |
| a thin wall separating two cavities or two tissue masses | septum |
| pertaining to suffering from low blood pressure | hypotensive |
| Advanced Cardiac Life Support | ACLS |
| Active Myocardial Infarction | AMI |
| Morphine,Oxygen, Nitroglycerine, Aspirin | Mona |
| is the only horizontal body plane | transverse plane |
| body is standing erect w/feet flat on floor, face and eyes facing forward and arms are @ side with palms facing forward | supine |
| when you lie down flat on your belly, you are | prone |
| describe the position of one structure or part of the body relative to another | directional terms |
| what are the three major anatomical planes | transverse/horizontal, saggital, frontal |
| plane passing across the body parallel to the floor and perpendicular to the body's long axis. it divides the body into upper and lower parts | transverse/horizontal |
| vertical plane. divides body into right and left | saggital |
| vertical plane that divides the body into front and back | frontal |
| part of the trunk between the thorax and pelvic | abdomen |
| infront | anterior |
| near to tailbone | caudal |
| near to the head | cephalic |
| pertaining to vertical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions | coronal (same as frontal) |
| situated away from the center of the body | distal |
| pertaining to the back | dorsal |
| situated at the side of a structure | lateral |
| near the middle | medial |
| situated nearest to the center of the body | proximal |
| lying face up flat on your spine | supine |
| pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly | ventral (same as anterior) |
| what are the five body cavities that do not open to the outside | cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, spinal cavity |
| contains the brain within the skull | cranial cavity |
| contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea, esophogus and numerous blood vessels and nerves | thoracic cavity |
| seperated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm, contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney | admonical cavity |
| surrounded by pelvic bones, contains urinary bladder part of large intestine, rectum, anus and internal reproductive organs | pelvic cavity |
| contains spinal cord | spinal cavity |
| abdominal and pelvic cavity can be called | abdominopelvic cavity |
| hollow space or body compartment | cavity |
| muscular sheet, seperates the abdominal and thoracic cavity | diaphragm |
| pertaining to the diaphragm | diaphragmatic |
| one quarter of a circle. one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen | quadrants |
| part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck | thorax |
| pit in the abdomen | ambilicus |
| the whole body or organism is composed of | organ systems |
| are composed of organs | organ systems |
| are composed of tissues | organs |
| tissues are composed of | cells |
| are composed in part of organelles | cells |
| organelles are composed of | molecules |
| are composed of atoms | molecules |
| result of fertilization of an egg by a single sperm | zygote |
| this cell is the origin of every cell in your body. it divides/multiplies into millions of cells that are the basic unit of every tissue and organ | zygote |
| smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence | cell |
| study of cell | cytology |
| structure with specific structures in the body | organs |
| physical therapy assistant | PTA |
| cells contain a fluid called | cytoplasm |
| is surrounded by a cell membrane | cytoplasm |
| is made of proteins and lipids | cell membrane |
| it allows water, oxygen, glucose, electrolytes, steroids, and alcohol to pass thru | cell membrane |
| are located on the outside of cell membranes | receptors |
| bind to chemical messengers | receptors |
| small structures in the cytoplasm, they carry out specific metabollic task | organelles |
| nucleus, nucleolus, and mitochondria | organelles |
| source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes | DNA |
| substance that when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles | electrolytes |
| thin layer of tissue covering a sructure or cavity | membrane |
| constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolic and catabolic | metabolism |
| class of food substance based on amino acids | proteins |
| chemical substance found in many drugs, hormones and body components | steroids |
| chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ | hormone |
| the largest organelle | nucleus |
| it directs activities of the cell, it is surrounded by its own membrane. | nucleus |
| small dense body composed of RNA and protein. it is involved in the manufacture of proteins from simple material. | nucleolus |
| manufacture of proteins from simple material. | anabolism |
| powerhouse of cell | mitochondria |
| produces energy by breaking down compounds, such as glucose and fat | mitochondria |
| the process of breaking down compounds, such as glucose and fat | catabolism |
| body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes | chromosomes |
| information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules | RNA |
| hold body together | tissues |
| the four primary tissue groups are | connective, epithelia, muscle and nervous |
| bind support, protects, fills spaces, stores fat | connective |
| widely distributed t/o the body | connective |
| protects, secretes, absorbs, excretes | epithelial |
| covers body surfaces, covers and lines internal organs, composes glands | epithelial |
| movement | muscle |
| attaches to bone, in walls of hollow internal organs and in the heart | muscle |
| transmits impulses for coordination, sensory receptors, motor actions | Nervous |
| brain, spinal cord, nerves | Nervous |
| visual examintaion of interior joint | arthroscopy |
| shaped like a cross | cruciate |
| transplantation of live tissue | graft |
| band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures | ligament |
| disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint | miniscus |
| bones of the knee | femur, tibia and patella |
| the hardest connective tissue | bone |
| bones are covered with a thick fibrous tissue called | periosteum |
| has a flexible rubbery matrix, allows it to function as a shock absorber and a gliding surface where two bones meet to form a joint | cartilage (in the knee it is the miniscus) |
| has very few blood vessels and heals poorly or not at all | cartilage |
| forms the shape of your ear, tip of nose and larynx | cartilage |
| strips/bands of CT made of collagen | ligaments |
| are thick, strong ligaments that attach muscles to bone | tendons |
| encloses the joint cavity and is made of thin fibrous CT. | joint capsule |
| strengthened by fibers that extend over it from the ligaments and muscles surrounding the knee joint | joint capsule |
| lines many joint capsules and secretes synovial fluid. | synovial membrane |
| this fluid is a slippery lubricant retained in the joint cavity by the capsule | synovial fluid |
| it makes joint movement almost friction free and distributes nurtients to the cartilage on the joint surface of the bone | synovial fluid |
| stabilizes the joint | Muscle tissue |
| extensions of tendons of the large muscles in front of, and in the rear of the knee | major stabilizers of the knee joint |
| fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structure | capsule |
| major protein in CT, cartilage and bone | collagen |
| substance that surrounds and protects cells. is manufactured by the cells and holds them together | matrix |
| fibrous membrane covering the bone | periosteum |
| has 11 organ systems | the body |
| skin,hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands | intergumentary |
| protect tissues, regulate body temperature and supports sensory receptors | intergumentary function |
| bones, ligaments, cartilage | skeletal |
| provide frame work, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, sort inorganic salts | skeletal functions |
| cause movement, maintain posture, produce body heat | muscular functions |
| receive interpret sensory information, simulate muscles and glands | nervous tissue functions |
| glands that secrete hormones: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, testes, pineal, thymus | endocrine |
| control metabolic activities of organs | endocrine functions |
| heart, blood vessels | cardiovascular |
| move blood and transport substances throughout the body | cardiovascular function |
| lymph vessels, nodes, thymus, spleen | lymphatic |
| defend body against infection, return tissue fluid to blood, carry certain absorbed food from molecules | lymphatic tissue function |
| mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestine | digestive |
| receive, breakdown and absorb food, eliminate unabsorbed material | digestive functions |
| nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs | respiratory |
| intake and output air, exchange gasses between air and blood | respiratory functions |
| kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra | urinary |
| remove waste from blood, maintain water and electrolyte, balance, store and transport urine | urinary funcitons |
| scrotum, testes, epididymes, vasa defentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis | male reproductive |
| ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva | female reproductive |
| organ system that covers the body, the skin being the main organ winthin the system | integument |
| the terms myocardial and myocardium both refer to the | heart |
| the prefix in intravenous means | within |
| maintains the bodies internal enviroment | homeostasis |
| which term is the opposite of caudal and the same as superior | cephalic |
| -tens | pressure |
| ket/o | ketone |
| -acid/o | acid |
| neur/o | nerve |
| retin/o | retina |
| -pnea | breathe |
| gastr | stomach |
| later | side |
| -cyte | cell |
| knowledge of an abnormal conditions | -gnosis |
| recognize an abnormal condition | -gnose |
| electricity | electr/o |
| area of dead tissue | -farct |
| to block | isch |
| mind | -ment |
| mucus | muc |
| cervic | neck |
| pressure | -tens |
| to pour | -fusion |
| vein | -ven |
| urine | ur/o |
| tail | caud |
| crown | coron |
| away from the center | dist |
| middle | medi |
| nearest to the center | proxim |
| belly | ventr |
| to make fruitful | fertiliz |
| cover,skin | membran |
| change | metabol |
| mit/o | thread |
| granule | -chondr |
| solid | ster |
| build up | anabol |
| break down | catabol |
| color | chrom/o |
| small cell | -cellul |
| box | capsul |
| glue | coll/a |
| egg | ov/i |
| bone | oste |
| nourish | nutri |
| to secrete | crine |
| the same | home/o |
| covering of the body | integument |
| to breathe | respir |
Created by:
nperez
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