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Earth Science

Chapter 19 and 20 Test

Vocabulary Word Definition
Air Pressure The weight of the atmosphere as it pushes down upon Earth's surface exerts a force per unit of area.
Isobar A line that joins points having the same air pressure.
High-Pressure area If the air steadily increases toward the center of a set of closed isobars.
Low-Pressure area If the air pressure steadily decreases toward the center of a set of closed isobars.
Pressure Gradient Dividing the pressure change by the distance over which the pressure changes.
Coriolis Effect The tendency of an object moving freely over Earth's surface to curve away from its path of travel.
Northern Hemisphere Coriolis Effect In the Northern Hemisphere the path of an object will curve to the right.
Southern Hemisphere Coriolis Effect In the Southern Hemisphere the path of an object will curve to the left.
Jet Stream Bonds of swiftly moving winds.
Polar Front The boundary at 60 degrees, where air flowing away from the polar regions collides with warmer air moving up from lower latitudes.
Middle Latitudes or Mid-Latitudes Between 30 and 60 degrees.
Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) The sun heats the tropics more than other parts of Earth, the warm rising air creates low-pressure zone at the surface in the tropics.
Trade Winds Between the doldrums and the horse latitudes. Warm and relatively steady in both direction and speed.
Prevailing Winds Winds that blow from the same direction, such as the trade winds and polar easterlies.
Monsoons Winds that change direction seasonally.
Meteorology The study of the processes that govern Earth's atmosphere, helps make weather predictions possible.
Air Mass A large body of air in the lower troposphere that has similar characteristics throughout.
Continental Arctic Air Mass Originate in the arctic regions, where air becomes extremely cold. Very Dry.
Continental Polar Air Mass Air mass originates over the inland regions of Alaska and Canada. Cold, dry, and can cause precipitation.
Lake-effect snow Dry air picks up moisture from lakes, then deposits the moisture downwind from the lakes as heavy snow.
Maritime Polar Originates over the ocean in high latitudes. Cold and Damp. If air cools to dew point, fog, clouds, or precipitation may result.
Maritime Tropical Air mass originates over warm tropical ocean. Warm and moist. Can form thunderstorms.
Continental Tropical Originates over deserts are hot and dry. Can cause damage to crops if this type of air stays in the region for longer periods of time.
Front The boundary that separates opposing air masses.
Cold Front The boundary between an advancing cold air mass and the warmer air mass it is displacing.
Warm Front Warm air displaces cold air.
Occluded Front If cold air catches up to a warm front.
Stationary Front If a front is not moving forward.
Thunderstorms Storms with lightning, thunder, rain, and sometimes hail.
Squall Lines Lines ahead of the front.
Supercells Very large single-cell thunderstorms which particularly strong updrafts.
Lightning A discharge of electricity from a thundercloud to the ground, to another cloud, or another spot within the cloud itself.
Tornado A violently rotating column of air that usually touches the ground.
Hurricanes A large rotating storm of tropical origin that has sustained winds of at least 119 km per hour. Air pressure at the center is very low.
Strom Surge Strong winds of the eye wall, which blow water into the broad dome.
Saffir-Simpson scale This scale helps predict the damage that will occur when the hurricane makes land fall
Blizzard A winter storm characterized by high winds, low temperatures, and falling or blowing snow.
Station Model Includes information on temperature, dew point, weather conditions, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, and cloud cover.
Created by: MarissaNRidings
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