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PHS 8
Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth's Interior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| earthquake | The vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. |
| focus | The point within Earth where an earthquake originates ( where the rock breaks) |
| seismic waves | Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| epicenter | The location on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake |
| elastic rebound | Tendency for deformed rock along a fault to spring back to its original shape after an earthquake. |
| aftershock | a small earthquake that follows the main earthquake. |
| liquefaction | a phenomenon, sometimes associated with earthquakes, in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings. |
| tsunami | The Japanese word for a seismic sea wave |
| seismic gap | An Area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time. |
| P wave | Primary wave; earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rocks in the direction of the wave; also known as a compression wave - classified as a body wave because it travels within Earth's interior |
| S wave | Secondary wave; a seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. - classified as a body wave because it travels within Earth's interior |
| surface wave | a seismic wave that travels along the surface of the Earth |
| seismograph | an instrument that records earthquake waves |
| moment magnitude | A more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the Richter scale, which is derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault zone and estimates the energy released by an earthquake. |
| crust | The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth |
| mantle | The 2890-kilometer thick layer of Earth located below the crust |
| lithosphere | The rigid outer layer of Earth including the crust and upper mantle |
| asthenosphere | a weak plastic layer of the mantle situated below the lithosphere; the rock within this zonne is easily deformed |
| outer core | A layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick; the outer core contains liquid iron and generates Earth's magnetic field. |
| inner core | The solid innermost layer of Earth, about 1220 kilometers in radius |
| Moho | It is the boundary separating the crust from the mantle. |
Created by:
melaniebird
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