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HY Renal Path
Day 15.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| MC nephrotic syndrome in children | Minimal change disease |
| IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: diffuse capillary thickening | membranous glomerulonephritis |
| IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: hypercellular glomeruli | acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
| IF: linear pattern of immune complex deposition | Goodpasture's |
| IF: deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 in the mesangium | IgA nephropathy |
| Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions (nodular glomerulosclerosis) | diabetic glomerulonephropathy |
| MC nephrotic syndrome in adults | Membranous glomerulonephritis |
| EM: loss of epithelial foot processes | minimal change disease |
| Nephrotic syndrome assoc'd with HepB | membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I |
| Nephrotic syndrome assoc'd with HIV | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
| Anti-GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis | Goodpasture's |
| EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance | membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
| Nephritis, cataracts, deafness | Alport syndrome |
| LM: crescent formation in the glomeruli | rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN) |
| LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
| purpura on back of arms and legs, abdominal pain, IgA nephropathy | Henoch-Schonlein purpura |
| LM: wire-loop appearance | diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to SLE |
| Apple-green birefringence with Congo-red stain under polarized light | amyloidosis |
| EM: spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial depositis | membranous glomerulonephritis |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: RBC cast | acute glomerulnephritis (#1), ischemia, or malignant HTN |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: WBC cast | acute pyelonephritis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, transplant rejection |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: bacterial cast | acute pyelonephritis |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: epithelial cell cast | renal tubular damage |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: waxy cast | advance renal disease/chronic renal failure |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: fatty cast | nephrotic syndrome |
| Under what circumstances would you see the following type of cast?: granular cast | acute tubular necrosis |
| Glomerular histology reveals multiple mesangial nodules. This lesion is indicative of what disease? | Diabetic glomerulonephropathy |
| A teenager presents with nephrotic syndrome and hearing loss. What is the disease? | Alport syndrome |
| A 4yo boy presents with facial edema and proteinuria. What is the appropriate treatment? | Steroids (he has minimal change disease) |
| UTI caused by proteus vulgaris. What type of renal stone is this pt at risk for? | Ammonium-Mg-P stone--> Staghorn calculi |
| A pt reports a long term h/o acetaminophen use. What is she at increased risk for? | Renal papillary necrosis secondary to phenacetin (toxic metabolite of acetaminophen) |
| What a prevents a horseshoe kidney from ascending in the abdomen? | inferior mesenteric a |
| Fever, rash, eosinophilia, and azotemia. What is the disease and what is the treatment? | Acute Interstitial Nephritis (usually drug-induced) rsulting in acute renal failure. Tx: 2 weeks of corticosteroids |
| 4+ blood in urine, no RBC on urine cell count, renal failure, elevated CPK. What is the disease? Give 3 common causes of this disease. | Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). 3 causes: drugs, radiograph contrast dye, and rhabdomyolysis/myoglobinuria (due to m breakdown from seizure disorder, cocaine, or crash injuries). |
| What is the WAGR complex? | Wilms' tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations, mental Retardation |
| What are the risk factors for transitional cell CA? | Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes, Cyclophosphamide (Pee SACk) |
| What are the causes of acidosis with an elevated anion gap? Hint: cows make this =) | MUDPILES: Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde and Phenformin, Isoniazid and Iron tablets, Lactic acidosis, Ethanol, Salicylates |
| What changes will be seen in a basic metabolic panel in a pt with renal failure? | increased K, increased P, increased BUN/Cr, and decreased Ca |
| A CT scan reveals massively enlarged kidneys bilaterally. What is the diagnosis? | Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) |
| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: correcting too rapidly may result in central pontine myelinosis | hypOnatremia |
| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: peaked T waves | hyperkalemia |
| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: tetany | hypOcalcemia |
| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: arrhythmias | hyper and hypOkalemia, low Mg |
| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: decreased deep tendon reflexes | hypermagnesia |
| Which electrolyte disturbance fits the following presentation?: flattened T waves, U waves on EKG | hypOkalemia |
| MC tumor of the urinary tract system | transitional CA |
| MC renal malignancy of early childhood (2-4) | Wilms' tumor |
| Histologic appearance of renal cell carcinoma | polygonal clear cell CA |
| Histologic appearance of chronic pyelonephritis | thyroidization of kidneys, dilation of tubule |
| Fever + Rash + Hematuria + Eosinophilia | Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN) |
| Cancer assoc'd with Schistosoma haematobium | SCC of the bladder |
| Tx for cystine kidney stones | Alkanization of urine |
Created by:
sarah3148
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