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Biology Final
1. Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Mendels purpose? | Mendel's goal was to have a firm scientific basis on the relationship of genetic information passed on from parents to offspring. |
| What did Mendel focus on? | In light of this he focused on how plant offspring acquired the phenotype of their seeds. In this example, there are two choices, round and wrinkled seeds. |
| What is the law of dominance? | When a particular gene possessess both dominat and recessive alleles. TTxtt (tall/short)-100% Tt tall |
| What is Incomplete Domince? | A heterozygous condition in which both alleles at a gene locus are partially expressed |
| What is Codominance? | In Codominance, the "recessive" & "dominant" traits appear together in the phenotype of hybrid organisms. |
| What are mulyiple allele systems? | Any of a set of three or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be present in a diploid organism. |
| What is Epistasis? | interations among products of two or more gene pairs. |
| Phenotype | how the trait physically shows-up in the organism. Wanna know the simplest way to determine an organism's phenotype ? Look at it. Examples of phenotypes: blue eyes, brown fur, striped fruit, yellow flowers. |
| Genotype | the genes present in the DNA of an organism. use a pair of letters (ex: Tt) to represent genotypes for one particular trait. genotypes are made up of 2 of the same letter |
| Alleles | alternative forms of the same gene. Alleles for a trait are located at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes. |
| Genes? | unitsof info about traits. |
| diploid | chromosome umber 2n |
| Hybrids | the offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, species, or genera, especially as produced through human manipulation for specific genetic characteristics. |
| dihybrid | the offspring of parents differing in two specific pairs of genes. |
| Dominant/recessive | the one of a pair of alternative alleles that masks the effect of the other when both are present in the same cell or organism. |
| Homozygous Dominant/recessive | AA/aa |
| Heterozygous | Aa |
| F1 | first-generation offspring |
| f2 | second generation offspring |
| P | parent generation |
| law of segregation | During the formation of gametes the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. Alleles for a trait are then "recombined" at fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring.TtxTt tall/tall 75% tall 25% short |
| testcross | method for determining genotype |
| law of independent assortment | Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells (& offspring) independently of one another. RrGg x RrGg round&greenxround& green,:9:3:3:1 |
| momhybrid | a genetic cross made to examine the distribution of one specific set of alleles in the resulting offspring. |
| gene mutation | a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. |
| linkage group | all genes on a chromosome |
Created by:
janelle535
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