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chapter two biology
organic compounds, pH scale, nucleic acid, protons, neutrons, elcetrons
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| nucleus | center of the atom |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| element | a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom |
| isotopes | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions |
| ionic bond | formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| ions | positively and negatively charged atoms |
| covalent bonds | forms when electrons are shared between atoms |
| molecule | the smallest unit of most compounds |
| van der waals forces | what chemists call such intermolecular forces of attraction |
| cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| sollution | ions gradually become dispersed in the water; forming a type of mixture called a solute |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| suspensions | mixtures of water and nondissolved material |
| pH scale | indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| acid | any compound that forms H+ ions un solution |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution |
| buffers | weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases that can react with strong acidsor bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| monomers | small unit that can join together with other small unites to form polymers |
| polymers | lare compound formed from combinations of many monemers |
| carbohydrates | compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in ratio 1:2:1 |
| monosaccarharides | single sugar molecules |
| polysaccharides | the large macromolecules formed from monosaccarides |
| lipids | made mostly from carbonn and hydrogen atoms |
| nucleic acids | macromolecules containing hydrgen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phospahorus |
| nucleotides | monomer of nuceic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| ribonucleic acid | single- stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | nuceic acis that contains the sugar deoxyribose |
| proteins | macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| amino acids | compunds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end |
| chemical reactions | a process that changes, or transforms one set of chemicals into another |
| reactants | element or compund that enters into a chemical reaction |
| products | element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | proteins that act as biological catalysts |
| subtrates | the reactants of enzyme- catalyst reactions |
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