Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BrandeisBioFinal
Review for 2011 Biology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The basic units of structure and function of the nervous system are | neurons |
| The decoding of messenger RNA’s message into a protein is known as: | translation |
| DNA passes information to RNA during the process of – | transcription |
| DNA molecules separate into single strands, which are then used to construct two identical strands of DNA. This process ensures that the – | daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells |
| Mutations in DNA molecules can occur when – | a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases |
| In humans, the sex in males is determined by the: | presence of a Y chromosome |
| The trait that is masked by a dominant trait is the | Recessive trait |
| the passing of traits from parents to their young | heredity |
| The factors that control traits are known as | genes |
| The physical appearance of an organism is its | phenotype |
| Organisms with two UNLIKE genes for a trait are | heterozygous |
| Among the students at is the deadly recessive kissing gene. Rick, who is homozygous for this gene. One day he marries a woman who is heterozygous for this gene. Rick wants to know what chance his offspring has of having the kissing disease. | 25% |
| Vanessa raises snorkenflukes which have a dominant blue coat color over the recessive pink. She crosses two heterozygous snorkenflukes. The genotypic ratio would be: | 1:2:1 |
| According to Darwin, any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s fitness for survival is a(an) | adaptation |
| Interbreeding populations of organisms that can produce fertile offspring make up a | species |
| The imprints and remains of organisms that lived in the past are | fossils |
| known as change over time | evolution |
| The survival of the fittest is also known as | natural selection |
| The difference between individual members of a population is a | variation |
| The formation of a new species is called | speciation |
| Bacteria are: | prokaryotic, unicellular |
| What is used to treat bacterial infections: | antibiotics |
| Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses - | must be reproduced in living cells |
| What is used to prevent viral infections | vaccine |
| What is the body’s main defense against pathogens? | Immune system |
| What is produced by the body when it is exposed to a pathogen (your body maintains the ability to produce these again at later exposures)? | Antibodies |
| A laboratory investigation included examining prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These organisms probably belong to the kingdom - | Protista |
| Plants are considered autotrophs because | they can perform photosynthesis |
| pores or holes in the epidermis of the leaf that allow gas exchange | stomata |
| controls the opening and closing of the stomata | guard cells |
| water is lost through the stomata in this process | transpiration |
| when both organisms in a symbiotic relationship benefit | mutualism |
| When one organisms in a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed | commensalism |
| When one organisms in a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is harmed | parasitism |
| What is the function of proteins? | build and repair tissue |
| What is the function of carbohydrates? | main source of energy for the body |
| What is the function of lipids? | forms membranes; long term energy storage |
| What is the function of nucleic acids? | contains genetic information |
| If you observe several cells without nuclei (plural of nucleus) under the microscope, you are probably observing | prokaryotic cells |
| powerhouse or powerplant of the cell | mitochondria |
| control center of the cell | nucleus |
| transport system of the cell | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) |
| clean-up crew or suicide sack in the cell | lysosome |
| organelle in which cellular respiration occurs | mitochondria |
| process by which sunlight is converted to energy | photosynthesis |
| process by which sugar molecules are broken down and release energy | cellular respiration |
| organelle in which photosynthesis occurs | chloroplast |
| happens in the absence of oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| The correct order for the stages of mitosis is | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Produces variation | meiosis |
| Produces 2 identical daughter cells | mitosis |
| Occurs in somatic (body) cells | mitosis |
| Occurs in sex cells (gametes) | meiosis |
| Goes through 2 divisions, makes 4 daughter cells | meiosis |
| the fertilized egg produced when sperm and egg join | zygote |
| consists of the glands that release their products (hormones) into the bloodstream | endocrine system |
| chemicals released in one part of the body that affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body | hormones |
| produces, stores and releases specialized sex cells | reproductive system |
| The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant is called | homeostasis |
| What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems? | sunlight |
| What is the building block of a carbohydrate? | saccaride |
| What is the building block of a protein? | amino acid |
| What is the building block of a lipid? | fatty acid |
| What is the building block of a nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What does an enzyme do to the rate of a chemical reaction? | speeds it up |
| Enzymes do what to the activation energy of a chemical reaction? | lowers it |
| If an organism has the genotype Tt for height, it is said to be: | heterozygous |
| A change within a single base pair in DNA is least likely to be observable if the change affects — | an unexpressed recessive trait |
| Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to the sun. This mutated DNA has no effect on future offspring because — | only changes to gamete DNA can be inherited |
| Cells with two complete sets of chromosomes are | diploid |
| If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis? | 38 |
| Gametes must be haploid because — | two gametes will unite during fertilization to create a diploid cell |
| What are ways scientists determine the degree of relatedness between two different species? | fossils, structures, embryology, biochemistry |
| Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same tissues are | homologous structures |
| True or False: All living things breathe | False. |
| True or False: All living things are made of cells. | True. |
| True or False: All living things respond to the environment | True. |
| True or False: All living things move. | False. |
| What is homeostasis? | maintaining an internal balance and internal environment |
| When are safety procedures important? | All the time. |
| What is a prokaryote? | a cell without (lacking) a nucleus ex. bacteria |
| What is a eukaryote? | a cell with a nucleus ex. protists, fungi, plants and animals |
| Name two organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells. | centrioles and lysosomes. |
| Name two organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells. | cholorplasts and cell wall |
| ame the levels of classification in order from broadest to most specific. | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| What are autotrophs? | organisms that make their own food by photosynthesis (ex. plants, algae) |
| What are heterotrophs? | organisms that must consume food to get energy (ex. fungi and animals) |
| Where are protists most likely to be found? | pond water |
| What are antibiotics used to treat? | bacterial infections |
| What are vaccines used to prevent? | viral infections |
| How are viruses different from bacteria? | Viruses are not alive. They need to invade a living cell in order duplicate themselves. |
| What are cilia? | Cilia are tiny hairs located on the cell membrane that help a cell move. |
| What are flagella? | Flagella are long, whip-like tails that help the cell move. |
| What is the shape of DNA? | Double helix |
| Process in which DNA is copied into two identical strands | replication |
| Process in which DNA codes for mRNA | transcription |
| Process in which mRNA codes for protein | translation |
| Why is DNA replication important? | it insures that every cell has a complete and identical copy of the entire DNA sequence |
| Any change in DNA nucleotide bases is called? | mutation |
| In DNA what pairs with adenine (A)? | thymine (T) |
| In DNA & RNA what pairs with guanine (G)? | cytosine (C) |
| in RNA what pairs with adenine (A)? | uracil (U) |
| The genetic makeup of the organism | genotype |
| The physical outlook of the organism | phenotype |
| the trait that is overpowered by the dominant allele | recessive |
| the trait expressed when the allele is present | dominant |
| the passing down of traits from parent to offspring | heredity |
| same alleles (HH or hh) | homozygous |
| different alleles (Hh) | heterozygous |
| Who is the “Father of Genetics”? | Gregor Mendel |
| What are the sex chromosomes for a male? | XY |
| What are the sex chromosomes for a female? | XX |
| In which type of rock would you be most likely to find fossils? | sedimentary rock |
| In layers of rock, which fossils will be the oldest? | lowest layer |
| an inherited characteristic that improves the organism’s rate of survival | adaptation |
| members of populations that can breed and produce viable offspring | species |
| Change over time | evolution |
| the remains left behind from older organisms, usually found in rocks | fossils |
| the process that determines which traits are favorable in an environment | natural selection |
| scientists who study fossils | paleontologist |
| Uncontrolled growth of cells | cancer |
| a single set of chromosomes within a cell nucleus | haploid |
| two sets of chromosomes within a cell nucleus | diploid |
| Which body system helps to defend against pathogens? | immune system |
| Name the functions of the skeletal system. | Support the body, protect organs, produce blood cells |
| proteins created by your immune system that identify with a specific pathogen (like when you are exposed to a vaccine) | antibodies |
| specialized cell of the nervous system | neuron |
| smallest blood vessels | capillary |
| Takes blood away from the heart | Artery |
| Brings blood towards the heart | vein |
| Muscle that moves and inflates the lungs | diaphragm |
| site of gas exchange between the blood and the lungs | alveoli |
| system that captures lymph from the circulatory system | lymphatic system |
| fluid that escapes from the circulatory system | lymph |
Created by:
MrsHeist
Popular Biology sets