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Barnett - soil
Barnett - weathering/soil
Question | Answer |
---|---|
mechanical weathering | process by which rocks break down into smaller pieces without changing their chemical compositions |
frost wedging | water freezes and thaws, cracking the rock into smaller pieces |
exfoliation | mechanical weathering process in which outer rock layers break off due to a reduction in pressure |
chemical weathering | process by which rocks undergo changes in composition |
erosion | removal and transport of weathered material |
mass movement | transfer of a large amount of rock and soil down-slope due to gravity |
slide | block of material moves suddenly along a flat inclined surface |
flow | mass movement of material containing a large amount of water |
creep | slowest type of mass movement; often caused by repeated freezing and thawing |
soil | loose covering of mineral material, organic material, water, and air overlying bedrock |
parent material | either bedrock or sediment deposits that break down to form soil |
soil profile | vertical sequence of soil layers |
soil horizon | one distinct layer of soil |
O horizon | surface layer made of organic material like leaves, twigs, and partially decayed material |
A horizon | black in color, also contains a lot of organic material and some mineral material |
B horizon | layer of soil that contains clay-sized particles; it is the lower limit for roots and burrowing; often reddish brown in color |
C horizon | layer of soil made of partially weathered parent material |
texture | describes the sizes of the particles that make up soil; clay, silt, and sand |
porosity | percent of empty space in soil |
permeability | ability of material to let water pass through it |