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2011 ECA 2nd Hour
ECA review 2nd Hour
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell reproduction in which two identical cells are made from one cell is called | mitosis |
| Cells that make up most of the body such as skin, bones, and blood and stomach are called | body cells |
| The process of mitosis can be compared to a | photocopy machine |
| The entire cell is always surrounded by a | cell membrane |
| Once a chromosome becomes doubled the two strands are called | sister chromatids |
| In the last step of mitosis, each end of a cell had a complete set of | chromosomes |
| Once a cell dies or is injured, what form of cell division replaces it with a new cell | mitosis |
| Reproduction that requires sex cells to pass on traits to offspring is called | meiosis |
| Cell reproduction that forms eggs and sperm is | meiosis |
| During meiosis, the number of chromosome in a cell is always split in | half |
| During step 6 of meiosis the strands of sister chromatids are split and go to ______ end of the cell | opposite |
| What habit (sometimes) causes mouth cancer | chewing tobacco |
| When people age, their bones loose what | calcium |
| The female sex organ in animals is the | ovary |
| What is the stage in life when a person begins to develop sex cells | puberty |
| What in cells occurs all the time from the beginning of puberty | meiosis |
| What are the two effects caused by the change in the rate of mitosis | cancer and aging |
| You start life as a | single cell |
| One cell reproduction method is called | mitosis |
| All the body cells in humans ate formed by | mitosis |
| You are born with all the ____ cells you will ever have | muscle |
| In mitosis, you start with ___ cell(s) and end up with ___ identical cell(s) | one and two |
| Before mitosis takes place the ___ doubles itself from on strand to two, also the _______ doubles itself before mitosis takes place | cell and centrioles |
| How many phases are in Mitosis | four (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase) |
| List all of the steps of mitosis (in order) | prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telephase |
| Name one difference in mitosis between animals and plants | plant cells lack centrioles or at the end of the cell division a cell wall is laid down |
| Sex cells are made during | meiosis |
| Just like mitosis, each chromosomes form | sister chromatids |
| How many phases are in Meiosis | six (prophase, pro-metaphase ,anaphase, telephase, prophase2, metaphase2 |
| List all steps of meiosis ( in order) | prophase, pro-metaphase ,anaphase, telephase, prophase2, metaphase2 |
| What is the International system of Units? | Is a measuring systems based on units of 10. |
| What are systems that are similar to measurement in our money system? | Measurement is SI. |
| What is Length? | The distance from one point to another. |
| The SI unit of length is the ? | Meter |
| What is the smallest amount of money in our money system? | One cent. |
| Is there any units in the money system that are larger than a dollar? | Yes, there are groups of dollars together into tens, hundred, and thousands. |
| How many meters are in one hundred centimeters? | One meter. |
| Ten decimeters make up how many meters? | One meter. |
| How many meters are in one hundred centimeters? | One meter. |
| Is the amount of space a substance occupies? | Volume. |
| When do you use the liter measrurement? | When you buy soft drinks at the grocery store and in labs, science class. |
| Why do astronaut weight less on the moon than earth? | The gravity force on the moon is less than on Earth. |
| How much matter is in something that is consider to be it’s? | Mass. |
| The instrument used to measure mass is a? | Balance. |
| The SI unit of mass is ? | Kilograms. |
| What are grams? | They are to measure small objects. |
| Is the period between two events? | Time. |
| SI unit for time is ? | seconds. |
| is measure of the amount of heat in something? | Temperature. |
| SI scale measure the amount of temperature is the? | Kelvin scale. |
| Scientists measure temperature with scale it’s easier to use? | Celsius. |
| What is temperature scales divided into units? | Degrees. |
| List the order of the metric system from least to greatest? | Centimeter, millimeter, decimeter, meter, liter, kilometers, kiloliter. |
| What are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei? | Eukaryotes. |
| What are cells that do not have nuclei? | Prokaryotes. |
| Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than cells? | Eukaryotes. |
| The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not held inside a? | Nucleus. |
| Floats freely in a cell? | DNA. |
| What are the living things we call bacteria are? | Prokaryotes. |
| Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and complex than cells? | Prokaryotes. |
| What do most eukaryotic cells have of structures and membranes inside them? | Dozens. |
| What are some, like the ones commonly called live as single cells? | Protests. |
| What are others that make up large with many cell-plants, animals, and fungi? | Organisms. |
| What do Prokaryotes lack? | a nucleus. |
| What is the smallest and most abundant of these microorganisms? | Prokaryotes. |
| What do biologists classify prokaryotes as either or Arches? | Bacteria. |
| What is the passing of information from one organism to another? | Communication. |
| What system is made of proteins, cells, and tissues that identify and deferral the body against forging chemicals and organisms? | Immune system. |
| Are chemicals found in the body that help destroy battier? | Antibody. |
| These are foreign substance, usually proteins that invade the body and case daisies? | Antigen. |
| Is the ability of a person who once had a disease to be protected from getting the same disease again? | Immunity. |
| Aids is a disease in the system? | Immune system. |
| Tear drops, mucus, and skin are all parts in your body system? | Immune. |
| What alphabetical letter dose the antibody’s look like? | It looks like M. |
| What happen when the cell membrane is broken? | The bacterium will die. |
| What are DPT shots for? | If you have Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus. |
| DPT shots are a need of ? | Proteins that produces antibody’s. |
| Aids is caused by a that reproduce only inside one kind of a white blood cell? | A virus. |
| In which organ of the immune system are white cells made? | Tonsils, thymes, glare, lymph nodes, spleen, lympnuesses, and fluid. |
| The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring? | Genetics |
| A small section of chromosome that determines a specific trait of an organism? | Gene |
| Genes that keep other genes from showing their traits? | Dominant genes |
| Genes that do not show their traits when dominant genes are present? | Recessive genes |
| An organism with two dominant gene for a trait? | Pure dominant |
| An organism with two recessive genes for a trait? | Pure recessive |
| One with a dominant and a recessive gene for a trait? | heterozygous |
| A way to show which genes can combine when egg and sperm join? | punnett square |
| A ________ gene may be hidden by a dominant gene? | recessive |
| What is the difference between pure dominant and heterozygous? | heterozygous has one dominant and one recessive gene and pure dominant has only dominant gene |
| How many chromosomes does a human body have? | 46 |
| How many sex chromosomes are in the human body? | 23 |
| How many more chromosomes are in body cells than sex cell? | twice as many or 23 |
| A female with this gene pair produces eggs containing only one kind of gene? | pure dominant |
| What is the study of how living things inherit traits? | Genetics |
| Traits may be determined by one what? | gene |
| What are found in the nucleus of a cell? | chromosome |
| Which cell part in the human body is the SMALLEST? | gene |
| How many sex chromosomes are there of each kind? | one |
| How many body cells are there of each trait? | two |
| What is an organism with two recessive genes for a trait? | two |
| What is an organism with two recessive gene for a trait? | pure recessive |
| What is an organism with two dominant genes for a trait? | pure dominant |
| What are those that do not show their traits when dominant genes are present? | recessive genes |
| What is the individual with a dominant and a recessive gene for a trait? | heterozygous |
| Where are most chromosomes located? | nucleus |
| A human cell with 23 chromosome is a? | sex cell |
| A mother with Dd genes make only what kind of eggs? | D |
| A father with Dd genes make what kind of sperm? | D or d |
| Genes are passed from parents to offspring in the joining of what? | body cells |
| Mendel reported results of what kind of cross? | genetics |
| Someone who can roll their tongue has a what gene? | dominant |
| Someone who cannot roll their tongue has a what gene? | Recessive |
| Someone with a cleft chin has a what gene? | dominant |
| Someone with a smooth chin has a what gene? | recessive |
| Someone with attached ear lobes has a what gene? | pure recessive |
| Someone with free earlobes have what gene? | pure dominant or heterozygous |
| What means to group things together based on similarities? | classify |
| Which of these are reasons to classify things? You may have more than one answer? | to put in order, easier to find, to show they have similar traits, to show they can be used in certain ways |
| Do scientists always agree on how to group living things? | no |
| Who was the first Greek scientist to classify living things? | Aristotle |
| What two main groups do living things fit in? | plant and animal |
| This scientist classified animals by where they live such as animals that live in the water, the animals that fly, and the animals that live on the land? | Aristotle |
| A _________is a feature that a living thing has? | trait |
| Aristotle’s way of grouping plants was by ______&______? | size and growth pattern |
| Plants were further more put into smaller groups such as (you can have more than one answer)? | shrub group, herb group, & tree group |
| Scientists began finding more and more living things, Aristotle’s system became useful? | less |
| Why did Aristotle’s system become less useful? | new living things did not fit into his system |
| In what year did Carolus Linnaeus develop a new classification system? | 1735 |
| What is the largest group of living things? | kingdom |
| What were the two main kingdoms Carolus Linnaeus created? | plant and animal kingdoms |
| Linnaeus placed living things with similar traits into the same group. What was this group called? | species |
| Linnaeus placed similar species into a larger group. What is this group called? | genus |
| Linnaeus classified plants and animals into more groups, based his system on specific traits (these names have two main parts) to who’s system did Linnaeus make these changes to? | Aristotle’s |
| What is one of the seven groups for classifying organisms? | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, or species |
| What can a kingdom be compared to? | country |
| What are kingdoms divided into? | phylum |
| What is the largest group within a kingdom? | phylum |
| What is phylum divided into? | class |
| What is class divided into? | order |
| What is order divided into? | family |
| Classification can be based on a living things____? | ancestors |
| Similar ____ structures often show that living things have common ancestors? | body |
| The genus and species names together make up the_____? | scientific name |
| In the scientific name, the ____ is always capitalized, and the ____ is not? | genus, species. |
| What are organisms that have many cells, can’t make their own food, and can move? | Animals |
| Give one reason scientific names are used? | A) No mistakes can be made about which living thing is being described B) Scientific names seldom change C) Scientific names are written in the same language all around the world. |
| Today scientists classify living things into five kingdoms. These kingdoms include, Monerans, protists, fungi, plants, and | Animals |
| _________ are one celled organisms that have a nucleus. | Monerans. |
| ______________ are organisms that have cell walls and absorb food from their surroundings. | Fungi |
| What are organisms that are made up of many cells, have chlorophyll, and can make their own food? | Plants |
| What is the International system of Units? | Is a measuring systems based on units of 10. |
| What are systems that are similar to measurement in our money system? | Measurement is SI. |
| What is Length? | The distance from one point to another. |
| The SI unit of length is the____________ ? | Meter |
| What is the smallest amount of money in our money system? | One cent. |
| Is there any units in the money system that are larger than a dollar? | Yes, there are groups of dollars together into tens, hundred, and thousands. |
| How many meters are in one hundred centimeters? | One meter. |
| Ten decimeters make up how many meters? | One meter. |
| How many meters are in one hundred centimeters? | One meter. |
| Is the amount of space a substance occupies? | Volume. |
| When do you use the liter measrurement? | When you buy soft drinks at the grocery store and in labs, science class. |
| Why do astronaut weight less on the moon than earth? | The gravity force on the moon is less than on Earth. |
| How much matter is in something that is consider to be it’s? | Mass. |
| The instrument used to measure mass is a_____________? | Balance. |
| The SI unit of mass is_____________? | Kilograms. |
| What are grams? | They are to measure small objects. |
| Is the period between two events? | Time. |
| SI unit for time is_____________? | seconds. |
| ____________ is measure of the amount of heat in something? | Temperature. |
| SI scale measure the amount of temperature is the_____________? | Kelvin scale. |
| Scientists measure temperature with_____________ scale it’s easier to use? | Celsius. |
| What is temperature scales divided into units? | Degrees. |
| List the order of the metric system from least to greatest? | Centimeter, millimeter, decimeter, meter, liter, kilometers, kiloliter. |
| What are cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei? | Eukaryotes. |
| What are cells that do not have nuclei? | Prokaryotes. |
| Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than_____________ cells? | Eukaryotes. |
| The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not held inside a_____________? | Nucleus. |
| _____________ Floats freely in a cell? | DNA. |
| What are the living things we call bacteria are_____________ ? | Prokaryotes. |
| Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and complex than _____________ cells? | Prokaryotes. |
| What are others that make up large_____________ with many structures and membranes inside them? | Dozens. |
| What are some, like the ones commonly called_____________ cell-plants, animals, and fungi? | Organisms. |
| What do Prokaryotes lack? | a nucleus. |
| What is the smallest and most abundant of these microorganisms? | Prokaryotes. |
| What do biologists classify prokaryotes as either _____________ or Arches? | Bacteria. |
| What is the passing of information from one organism to another? | Communication. |
| What system is made of proteins, cells, and tissues that identify and deferral the body against forging chemicals and organisms? | Immune system. |
| _____________ Are chemicals found in the body that help destroy battier? | Antibody. |
| These are _____________ foreign substance, usually proteins that invade the body and case daisies? | Antigen. |
| _____________ Is the ability of a person who once had a disease to be protected from getting the same disease again? | Immunity. |
| Aids is a disease in the_____________ system? | Immune system. |
| Tear drops, mucus, and skin are all parts in your body_____________ system? | Immune. |
| What alphabetical letter dose the antibody’s look like? | It looks like M. |
| What happen when the cell membrane is broken? | The bacterium will die. |
| What are DPT shots for? | If you have Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus. |
| DPT shots are a need of _____________? | Proteins that produces antibody’s. |
| Aids is caused by a _____________ that reproduce only inside one kind of a white blood cell? | A virus. |
| In which organ of the immune system are white cells made? | Tonsils, thymes, glare, lymph nodes, spleen, lympnuesses, and fluid. |
| A molecule that makes up genes and determines the traits of living things? | D.N.A |
| What do the letters D.N.A stand for? | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| What does D.N.A determine? | Traits of living things |
| What does D.N.A look like? | Twisted ladder |
| How many rungs does one D.N.A molecule contain? | 100million |
| What are the sides of D.N.A made of? | Sugar and Acid |
| Form the rung of a D.N.A molecule? | Nitrogen bases |
| What are the four different nitrogen bases in D.N.A? | A, T, C, G |
| What base connects with A in D.N.A? | T |
| What base connects with C in D.N.A? | G |
| Where in the cell can we find genes? | Nucleus |
| When scientists inject a mixture of living, harmless bacteria and dead pneumonia bacteria in a mouse, does it live or die? | Mouse Dies |
| A chemical that acts as a messenger for D.N.A? | R.N.A |
| What does R.N.A stand for? | Ribonucleic Acid |
| A Code that translates the D.N.A language into the protein so it can be made? | Genetic Code |
| In cell reproduction what copies itself? | Chromosome |
| What are chromosomes mostly made of? | D.N.A |
| What is any change in copies of D.N.A? | A Mutation |
| What is any energy given off by atoms? | Radiation |
| What causes mutations to occur? | an error in pairing bases |
| What is one type of radiation? | The sun, x-rays, and ultraviolet light |
| What are two children that form from the splitting of one fertile egg? | Identical twins |
| What are twins that form from two different fertile eggs? | Fraternal twins |
| What is the bringing together of two living things to produce offspring? | Breeding |
| What is the D.N.A that is formed when D.N.A from one organism is put into the D.N.A of another organism? | Recombinant D.N.A |
| What is the adding of a healthy gene into the body of a person suffering from a disorder caused by a defective or mutated gene? | Gene Therapy |
| Who do you go to if your child may be at risk for genetic problems? | Genetic Counselor |
| What needs to insert or join together? | Splicing |
| What happens when you bring together parents with different desired traits? | Selective Breeding |
| What happens when bacterium receives D.N.A from another organism? | Gene splicing |
| What is the pathway of energy and materials through a community? | food chain |
| The only organisms that can make their own food are called? | producers |
| These organisms break down dead matter? | Decomposers |
| What are food Chains connected in a community? | food web |
| What types of decomposers are there? | mushrooms, bacteria, and protists |
| It shows how energy is moved in a community? | food web |
| It is a diagram that shows energy loss in a food chain? | energy pyramid |
| What is it called when both things benefit from each other? | Mutualism |
| What is it called when one organism benefits and the other does not benefit at all? | commensalism |
| What is a relationship between two organism where one is helped and the other is harmed? | Parasitism |
| What is it called when a animal hunts and kills and eats? | predation |
| What can limit sizes of populations? | predators |
| What are fleas? | Parasites |
| All of the living things in an area that depend upon each other is called a? | community. |
| The place where a plant or animal lives is called a? | habitat. |
| The job of the organism in the community is called a? | niche. |
| Animals that eat other animals is called a? | secondary consumers. |
| Animals that eat only plants are called a? | primary consumer. |
| What do produce do for our community? | oxygen and food |
| The place where a plant or animal lives is called? | habitat |
| What are bacteria and fungi? | decomposers |
| Why are decomposers important in a community? | They recycle nutrients |
| What is the process in which something in a living thing’s surrounding determines if it will not survive to have offspring? | Natural selection |
| What is group of living things that can breed with others of the same species? | Species |
| What is being able to reproduce by eggs and sperm? | Fertile |
| What are mammals with eyes that face forward a well-developed cerebrum and thumbs that can be used for grasping? | Primates |
| What are monkeys that have tails that can grasp like a hand and nostrils that open upward? | New-world |
| What are monkeys that can’t grasp with their tails, if they have one, and the nostrils open down? | Old-world |
| What is a traits that make an individual different from other of it species? | Variation |
| What is the struggle among living to get their needs for life? | Competition |
| What is the change in the heredity feature of a group of organisms over times? | Evolution |
| What are the remain of once living thing form ages past? | Fossils |
| What is a life-form that no longer exists? | Extinct |
| What are rocks that form layers of mud sand, and other fine particle? | Sedimentary |
| What is a body part no longer in use? | Vestigial Structure |
| What is a change in the DNA code? | Mutation |
| What are traits that help living things survive? | Adaptions |
| Who came up with the theory of evolution? | Darwin |
| What would be an example of a Vestigial Structure? | Appendixes |
| How would layers toward the top of the sediment layer compare towards the bottom? | there wouldn’t be too many alive today on the bottom. |
| How do animal make their lives easier? | they adapt |
| How are the Embryos of fish, frog, birds, turtle and rabbits compare? | their almost the same. |
| The struggle to survive is one of this scientist ideas about evolution? | Darwin |
| Living things overproduce is one of this scientist ideas about evolution? | Darwin |
| Variation among offspring is one of this scientist ideas about evolution? | Darwin |
| Natural selection is one of this scientist ideas about evolution? | Darwin |
| What do sediments change into? | Rocks |
| Give one example of evidence of evolution? | Embryos, fossils, vestigial structure, genetic code |
| List two of Darwin ideas about evolution? | Living things overproduce, variation among offspring, struggle to survive, natural selection |
| A group of living things of the same species that live in an area? | a population |
| How can an animal population be counted? | ear tags, and counting them |
| What is the movement of animals into a population is? | immigration effect |
| What causes a decrease in population numbers? | emigration |
| How does immigration affect a population? | increase of population |
| Any condition that keeps the size of a population from increasing? | limiting factor |
| Any part of the environment used by humans is? | Natural Resource |
| A species that is in danger of becoming extinct is a(n)? | Endangered Species |
| A species that is close to being endangered is a? | Threatened Species |
| The wearing away of soil by wind and water is? | Erosion |
| Material that settles on the bottom of a stream is called? | Sediment |
| What is anything that makes the surroundings unhealthy or unclean? | Pollution |
| The remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago are? | Fossil Fuels |
| Poisonous means? | Toxic |
| A combination of smog and fog is? | Smog |
| What is the process called when trapped heat causes the temperatures on Earth to rise slowly? | Greenhouse Effect |
| A molecule made of oxygen atoms is? | Ozone |
| Chemicals used to kill unwanted pests such as rodents or insects are? | Pesticides |
| Something that can be broken down by microbes into harmless chemicals and used by other living things is called? | Biodegradable |
| Liquids, such as vinegar and lemon juice, that has a pH value lower than 7 are? | Acids |
| Liquids, such as ammonia and lye, that has a pH value greater than 7 are? | Bases |
| Rain that has a pH between 1 and 5.5 is? | Acid Rain |
| The reusing of resources is? | Recycling |
| What is something that can be replaced within a person’s life time? | Natural Resource |
| Where do we get the area to grow food and build homes/factories? | The area around us |
| When a species of a living thing no longer exists, is called? | Extinct |
| In the world today, over how many plants and animals of species are endangered? | 1200 |
| There are almost how many threatened species of plants and animals? | 250 |
| How do animals and plants become threatened or endangered? | Illegal Hunting or deforestation |
| Scientists estimate that over how many species of plants in forests are becoming extinct each day? | 100 |
| What holds roots of plants in place, and is an important resource? | Soil |
| Water covers over how much percent of the Earth’s surface? | 70 |
| The human body is made up of how much water? | 70 % |
| A major problem with lakes and ponds is? | Rapid Aging |
| What fossil fuels are mostly used for common appliances today? | Coal, oil, and Natural gas |
| Americans use fossil fuels for about how much percentage of our energy needs? | 85 |
| In North America, cares, lawn mowers, and other gasoline engines burn how many millions of gallons of fuel each hour? | 14 |
| When coal burns, the sulfur combines with oxygen in the air to form? | Sulfur Dioxide |
| Scientists have learned that ozone is being destroyed by certain chemicals in? | Spray cans, refrigerators, and air conditioners |
| All living things pass on what to their offspring? | traits |
| Traits can be either __________ or _________? | Dominant or Recessive |
| How many chromosomes do humans have in sex cells? | 23 |
| How many chromosomes do humans have in body cells? | 46 |
| What process do doctors use to count the chromosomes in unborn fetuses? | Amniocentesis |
| Your sex depends on? | chromosomes |
| Y chromosome is __________ sex cell? | Female |
| X chromosome is __________ sex cell? | male |
| Cells that don’t determine sex are? | autosomes |
| A time when neither chromosome is totally dominant is called? | incomplete dominance |
| A disorder that makes red blood cells look like half-moons is? | sickle cell anemia |
| A disorder where you read words backwards is? | Dyslexia |
| A way to predict traits of a un born child is? | genetic counseling |
| A way to see traits that could be passed through family is? | a pedigree |
| What happens when a sperm or egg has less than 23 chromosomes? | born with less than 46 chromosomes |
| How many dominant genes are needed for offspring to show the gene? | 1 dominant gene |
| Who, male or female, determines the sex of the unborn infant? | male |
| Attached ear lobes are what kind of trait? | recessive |
| Let C be dominant, and c recessive for color blindness. If a female has Cc is she color blind? | no |
| What two gene combinations can a person with A blood type have? | AA and AO |
| If a males chromosome pattern is YO, what will happen? | male will die before birth. |
| If a males chromosome pattern was XXY what will occur? | male cannot make sex cells but can live. |
| When a person gets cut, and bleeds and bleeds and bleeds, what disorder may he have? | hemophilia |
| Dyslexia is a _____________ gene. | dominant |
| A child born with PKU can be cure by doing what? | going on a special diet |
| Cystic Fibrosis causes? | lung and pancreas problems |
| How can a child have Cystic Fibrosis if the parents do not? | the parents can be heterozygous with the gene and have a child with pure recessive genes. |
| What is the gene pattern for normal males? | XY |
| What is the gene pattern for females with hemophilia? | xX |
| What causes Down syndrome? | an extra autosome |
| What means to form offspring similar to the parents? | reproduce |
| What do you call the changes that occur as a living thing grows? | development |
| What are living things that eat, or consume, other living things? | consumers |
| What living things make, or produce their own food? | producers |
| What is the process by which food is broken down and energy is released? | cellular respiration |
| What is the basic unit of all living things called? | cell |
| What is the trait that makes a living thing able to survive better? | adaption |
| What gives the cell shape and holds the cytoplasm called? | cell membrane |
| What controls most of the cell activity? | nucleus |
| What surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell? | nuclear membrane |
| What is the cell part that helps makes ribosome called? | nucleolus |
| What is the cell part that information determines what traits a living thing has? | chromosome |
| The clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell is called? | cytoplasm |
| What are cell parts where proteins are made? | ribosomes |
| What is a cell part that produces energy from already digested food? | mitochondria |
| What is a liquid filled space that stores food, water, and minerals? | vacuole |
| What is the cell parts that helps with cell reproduction? | centrioles |
| ________are cell parts that contain green pigment, chlorophyll? | chloroplasts |
| The thick hard outer covering outside the cell membrane is called_______? | cell wall |
| A movement of a substance from where there is a large amount of it to where is a small amount of it is known as_______? | diffusion |
| _____is the movement of water across the cell membrane? | osmosis |
| A group of organs that work together to do a certain job is known as ____? | organ system |
| A living thing is a(n)_______? | organism |
| What are complex substances within the cells that has several different jobs? | proteins |
| What part of the cell that passes traits from parents to a offspring? | nucleus |
| What part of a cell has a opening that allows certain materials to move in and out of the nucleus? | nuclear membrane |
| The smaller body inside the nucleus of a cell is known as____? | nucleolus |
| What is one example of a trait shown in a chromosome? | eye color, hair color, and sizes and shapes of leaves. |
| ____is mostly water? | cytoplasm |
| The ____contains a network of canals to help move material around inside the cell? | cytoplasm |
| What are found along the canal network in a cell? | ribosome |
| What are often called”powerhouse”? | mitochondria |
| What stores wastes until the cell is ready to get rid of them? | vacuole |
| What cell does not have cell wall? | animal |
| What does biologist recognize in living things? | they share certain features |
| How can living things reproduce? | one-celled living things can produce two living things |
| What do living things use to grow? | materials and energy from environment |
| Where do animals get there energy? | from food they eat/ producers and other consumers |
| Where do plants get there energy? | from food they make during photosynthesis |
| How do plants respond to light? | growing toward it |
| What are all living things made of? | matter |
| This has mass and takes up space? | matter |
| What is matter made out of? | tiny particles called atoms |
| Which scientist saw walls of the cells that were alive (at one time) with a microscope? | Hooke |
| Who discovered the central part of the nucleus? | Brown |
| These two scientists discovered plants and animals are made of cells? | Schleiden and Schwann |
| These three things are major ideas in what theory? | cells All living things are made of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All cells come from other cells. |
| What is the opening of the membrane called? | pores |
| What moves across the membrane? | water molecules |
| Why is osmosis important to cells? | cells are surrounded by water molecules |
| Any parts of the environment used by humans are considered to be? | Natural resources |
| A species that is in danger of becoming extinct is a(n)? | threatened species |
| A species that is close is to being endangered a(n)? | endangered species |
| The wearing away of soil by wind and water is? | erosion |
| What is material that settles on the bottom of a stream called? | sediment |
| Water ecosystems are divided into ______ and _____ water. | fresh, salt |
| Streams, rivers, and lakes make up the _______________ ecosystem. | freshwater |
| The _______ make up the saltwater ecosystem because they contain large amounts of salt. | oceans |
| Most freshwater organisms would ____ if placed in an ocean. | die |
| The ______ ecosystem is Earth’s largest ecosystem. | ocean |
| An ecosystem includes the __________ parts as well as the __________ in an area. | nonliving, living |
| The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment is? | ecology |
| Ecologists ______ ecosystems to find out how the different parts interact. | study |
| Sometimes it’s difficult or impossible to set up the same conditions in a ____ that exists in nature. | lab |
| Seashore ecosystem, what are the living parts of it? | plants, animals, algae, bacteria, protozoans, and fungi |
| Seashore ecosystem, what are the nonliving parts of it? | soil, air, water, light, and temp. |
| Chemicals that contain nitrogen are called? | nitrates |
| Nitrogen gas, plants and animals die, bacteria on some plant roots change nitrogen gas to nitrates, decomposers change proteins to nitrates, plants use nitrates, bacteria change nitrates to nitrogen, what cycle is this? | nitrogen cycle |
| Rain, runoff, groundwater, roots absorb water, transpiration, evaporation, what cycle is this? | water cycle |
| Photosynthesis, oxygen, respiration, carbon dioxide, what cycle is this? | Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle |
| The changes that take place in a community as it gets older is? | succession |
| Weeds and seed are carried into and throughout fields by? | wind and animals |
| As plants and animals die and decompose their remains ass nutrients to the…? | soil |
| As more plants and animals die, more _______ are added to the soil. | nutrients |
| A ___________ is the last or final stage of succession in a community. | climax community |
| How many years can it take for an area to become a climax community? | 150 |
| The _____ and _____ of a new pond are bare. | bottom and sides |
| After several years the pond becomes more _____ because dead plants and alge have piled up on the bottom. | shallow |
| Over the years more _________ plants pile up and ________ washes into the pond. | dead, soil |
| The pond becomes more _______ and plants begin to grow around the edge if the ________. | shallow, pond |
| 100 years later the ground looks _________ like a pond. | nothing |
| Someday the area the pond occupied may contain a hardwood ______. | forest |
| Depending on the soil, water air, and sunlight, the_______ community for an area might be a prairie or grassland, a desert or tropical forest. | climax |
| __________ and ___________ are two nonliving parts of an ecosystem that are not cycled. | light and temperature |
| Light from the sun is used by ______ to make food. | plants |
| ________ and light are often related. | temperature |
| The ______ in a forest is cool because the leaves of trees prevent most of the sun’s light from warming the ground. | soil |
| The ________ of an ecosyatem determines what organisms live there. | temperature |
| The ______ cycle is also related to temperature and light. | water |
| The amount of sunlight can affect the rate of ____________. | evaporation |
| The temperature of the air affects the type of __________ falling to earth. | precipitation |
| Water in the air that falls to Earth as rain or snow? | precipitation |
| All of these factors- light, temperature, and precipitation- taken over many years is? | climate |
| The _____ of an area determines what types of plants and animals can live there. | climate |
| The living and nonliving factors act together to make an ____________? | ecosystem |
| A land area with a distinct climate and with specific types of plants and animals is called? | a biome |
| Each _____ has its own distinct producers, consumers, and decomposers. | biome |
| A biome is made up of all the ecosystems on Earth that have _______ climates and organisms. | similar |
| ________(s) include tropical rainforests, grasslands, deserts, temperate forests, taiga, and tundra. | biome |
| A biome usually covers ______ of several continents. | parts |
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