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2010 ECA 3rd hour
ECA review 3rd hour
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a small section of chromosome that determines a specific trait of an organism? | Gene |
| What is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring? | Genetics |
| Genes that keep other genes from showing their traits are? | Dominant Genes |
| An organism with two dominant genes for a trait is? | Pure Dominant |
| What is the name for the genes that do not show when dominant genes are present? | Recessive Genes |
| An organism with two recessive genes for a trait is said to be? | Pure Recessive |
| What is it called when an individual carries a dominant and a recessive gene for a trait? | Heterozygous |
| What is a way to draw out which genes can combine when egg and sperm join? | Punnett Square |
| Who was an Austrian who saw certain traits in the garden pea plants he grew? | Gregor Mendel |
| What is the large round part in the center of the cell? | Nucleus |
| What two types of cells can a sex cell be? | Egg Cell and a Sperm Cell |
| Draw a Punnett Square using Aa for the father and aa for the mother. | a a A Aa Aa a aa aa |
| What cells are responsible for passing traits from one generation to the next? | Sex Cells |
| How many different kinds of body cells do we have? | 200 |
| How many chromosomes do sex cells have? | One of each kind- half as many as bod y cells |
| How are traits passed from their parents to their offspring? | Genes |
| In a Punnett Square what does the capital letter stand for? | The Dominant Gene |
| In a Punnett Square, what does the lower case letter stand for? | The Recessive Gene |
| What method did Mendel use when experimenting with his pea plant? | The Scientific Method |
| In a punnett square what would a heterozygous individual show? | Uppercase letter, lower case letter – Aa |
| What different traits did Mendel study in his pea plants? | color of peapod; shape of pea; color of pea; color of flowers |
| Observed results of genetic traits can be? | seen |
| Genes are found in which part of the cell? | chromosomes |
| Which cell part is the smallest? | the gene |
| Each body cell has how many genes for each trait? | two |
| How many chromosomes should a human body cell have? | 46 |
| What do the letters outside the punnett square stand for? | genes in eggs and sperm |
| What do the letters inside the punnett square stand for? | the genes in offspring |
| A person is having two genes that are alike is…? | pure |
| Long rod-shaped bodies inside a cell’s nucleus are called? | chromosomes |
| What is a group of living things of the same species? | Population |
| The movement of animals out of an area is called? | Emigration |
| What is a movement of animals in to an area called? | Immigration |
| Any condition that keeps the size of a population from increasing is called? | limiting factors |
| What are two ways to count a population? | Tagging, leg bands, radio transmitters, painting trees, or ribbons |
| What is an advantage of a species staying in a group? | finding/hunting food together, protection |
| What is the struggle among organisms to get their needs for life? | competition |
| What are two examples of groups of animals? | herds, packs, flocks, clumps |
| All the living things in an area that depend upon each other is a? | community |
| What is a place where a plant or animal lives? | habitat |
| What is a job of the organism in the community? | niche |
| Animals that eat only plants are? | primary consumers |
| What are animals that eat other animals? | secondary consumers |
| What are living things that get their food from breaking down dead matter? | decomposers |
| What are 3 groups niches can be divided into? | producers, consumers, decomposers |
| What are organisms that make food in a community? | producers |
| Organisms that eat other organisms are? | consumers |
| What is a pathway of energy and materials through a community? | food chain |
| Food chains connected in a community are? | food web |
| What is a diagram that shows energy loss in the food chain? | energy pyramid |
| What is the first group in a food chain? | producers |
| The second group in a food chain is? | consumers |
| What are the last two groups in the food chain? | secondary consumers, decomposers |
| What do organisms get energy from? | food |
| How do producers make food? | use light |
| Most energy is lost as? | heat |
| Where is the most available energy found on the energy pyramid? | bottom, producers |
| What is a relationship in which two organisms benefit from each other? | mutualism |
| A relationship in which two organism live in a community and one benefits while the other is not harmed is? | commensalism |
| What is a relationship between two organisms in which one is helped and the other is harmed? | parasitism |
| What is a predator – prey relationship called? | predation |
| An animal that hunts, kills, and eats another animal is called what? | predator |
| What is an animal that the predator kills and eats called? | prey |
| What is an organisms called that a parasite lives on? | host |
| Name two types of parasites. | ring worm, tape worm, ticks, fleas head lice, body lice, bacteria |
| What is a community interacting with the environment? | ecosystem |
| What is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment? | ecology |
| What is the reusing of nitrogen in an ecosystem? | nitrogen cycle |
| What is the path that water takes through an ecosystem? | water cycle |
| What are the changes that take place in a community as it gets older? | succession |
| What is the last stage of succession in a community? | Climax community |
| What is the name of the water in the air that falls to the earth as rain or snow? | precipitation |
| The average light, temperature, and precipitation in an area taken over many years is called? | climate |
| What is a land area with a distinct climate and with specific types of plants and animals? | biome |
| Which biome has cacti and small bushes? | desert |
| What is biome has tree frogs, birds, and monkeys? | tropical rainforest |
| What is the Earth’s largest ecosystem? | ocean system |
| Water ecosystems are divided into what 2 categories? | fresh water and salt water |
| In the later stages of an older pond, what animals are usually found in it? | turtles and frogs |
| What is the first step in Land Succession? | bare soil, and after a few weeks or months, weeds |
| Which biome has polar bears and caribou? | tundra |
| What are most plants categorized as? | producers |
| What has its own distinct producers, consumers, and decomposers? | biome |
| Which communities go through succession? | all communities |
| If a community is not disturbed, what begins to form? | a forest |
| Producers, consumers, and decomposers make up what part of an ecosystem? | living |
| Soil, air, water, light, and temperature determine what about an organism? | where it can live |
| Air is made up of what 3 gases? | oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide |
| What is necessary for photosynthesis to take place? | air, light, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll |
| Plants use what from the sun to make food? | light |
| Producers transfer what to other living things through food chains? | energy |
| ______ and _______ are related to each other? | light and temperature |
| Temperature and light are factors in the ________ cycle? | water |
| What does your immune do for your body? | keeps it free from disease |
| What system fights off disease? | immune system |
| Chemicals that help destroy bacteria or viruses are called ____? | antibodies |
| Foreign substances, usually proteins that invade the body and cause disease are called___? | antigens |
| Since the immune system has a memory how long will the white blood cells produce antibodies? | months or years |
| The ability of a person who once had a disease to be protected from getting the same disease again is called the ___? | immunity |
| What kind of disease is AIDS? | Immune system |
| How is AIDS caused? | virus that reproduces only inside one kind of white blood cells |
| A measuring system based on units of 10 is called ___. ? | International system of Units |
| What is the length? | distance from one point to another |
| The amount of space a substance occupies is called ___? | volume |
| How is mass measured? | comparing an object of unknown mass to an object of known mass |
| What does it mean to group things based on similarities? | Classify |
| What is a feature that something has? | Trait |
| What is the largest classification group of all living things? | Kingdom |
| What is the largest group within the classification of a kingdom? | Phylum |
| What is the largest group within the classification of a phylum? | Class |
| What is the largest group within the classification of a class? | Order |
| What is the largest group within the classification of an order? | Family |
| What is the largest group within the classification of a family? | Genus |
| What is the smallest classification group of living things? | Species |
| What is the genus and species name together called? | Scientific name |
| In one of the five kingdoms what is a one celled organism that doesn’t have a nucleus? | Moneran |
| In one of five kingdoms what is the mostly single celled organism that has nucleus and other cell parts? | Protist |
| In one of the five kingdoms what is an organism that has cell wall and absorbs food from their surroundings? | Fungi |
| What is an organism that is made up of many cells that has chlorophyll and can make their own food? | Plant |
| What is an organism that has many cells, cannot make their own food, and can move? | Animal |
| Who was one of the first people to classify living things into two groups? | Aristotle |
| Who placed living things into two main kingdoms? | Linnaeus |
| What names are commonly used in everyday language for animal species? | Common |
| What types of scientist have a system for grouping living things? | Biologist |
| Why do we classify everyday things? | To make easier, shows certain traits, and puts organisms in order |
| What are the three different groups that Aristotle classified animals in? | Land, air, water |
| What class is always written first in a scientific name? | Genus |
| Put the classification system in order. | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species |
| What is the kingdom name to which a house cat belongs? | Animal |
| What do lions, deer, and octopi have in common that a tree doesn’t? | All animals |
| What makes up a scientific name? | Genus and species |
| Why is the horseshoe crab classified with spider? | Body chemistry |
| What is a horse more related to? | Donkey |
| What type of bacteria lives in unusual places on Earth? | Archaea |
| What are single celled, have a nucleus, have chlorophyll, and take food from surroundings? | Protist |
| What is a one celled organism, no nucleus, lacks most cell parts, and only has two phyla? | Moneran |
| What has chlorophyll, can make their own food, and cannot move? | Plant |
| What kingdom has all consumers? | Animal |
| A monerean has only two phyla. What are they? | Bacteria and blue-green bacteria |
| Which two scientist both grouped plants and animals as classification groups? | Linnaeus and Aristotle |
| Which scientist grouped plant and animals into two kingdoms? | Linnaeus |
| How is a house number on a street compared to the classification group species? | Both the smallest groups |
| How many classification groups are there? | Seven |
| How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different? | Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus separates the DNA from the rest of the cell. |
| Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei are called ___________. | eukaryotic cells |
| Cells that do not have nuclei are called _____________. | prokaryotic cells |
| Where is the DNA in prokaryotic cells? | floats freely in the cell |
| What are the activities that prokaryotic cells do? | grow, reproduce, respond to the environment, and glide along surfaces or swim through liquids |
| The living things that we call bacteria are _____________. | prokaryotes |
| How many structures and membranes are inside eukaryotic cells? | dozens |
| How is a bacterium easily destroyed? | antigens and antibodies on the surface of a white cell fit together correctly |
| How can your immune systems memory be refreshed? | by getting shots |
| What does AIDS stand for? | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
| Is there a cure for AIDS? | no |
| Who uses this type of measurement? | scientists |
| What is the SI unit of length? | meter |
| What is the SI unit of volume? | cubic meter |
| What is the instrument used to measure mass? | balance |
| Put the SI units in order from least to greatest? | milli, centi, deci, (base) deka, hector, kilo |
| Dimples are ______ | dominate trait |
| Freckles are ______ | dominate trait |
| Curly hair _____ | dominate trait |
| Straight hair ______ | recessive trait |
| Without dimples ______ | recessive trait |
| Attached ear lobes ______ | recessive trait |
| Short eyelashes _______ | recessive trait |
| A case in which neither gene is totally dominate to the other | incomplete dominance |
| A genetic disorder in which all the red blood cells are shaped like sickles | sickle-cell anemia |
| Each human had 23 ____ & _____ | egg and sperm |
| Each human body cell had 23 pairs which is ______ in each human body cell | 46 chromosomes |
| Different organisms have different ____ of chromosomes | number |
| _____ Cells have 23 chromosomes not paired | sex |
| ______ Cells have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs | body |
| In humans a special pair of chromosomes determines the _____ | sex |
| The four different blood types are | A, B, AB, O |
| Females have two genes for each _____ because females have 2x chromosomes | trait |
| What is the way of looking at the chromosomes of a fetus? | amniocentesis |
| What is the sex chromosome of a female called? | X-chromosome |
| What is the sex chromosome called that is only found in males? | Y-chromosome |
| What are the chromosomes that do not determined the sex of a person called? | autosomes |
| What is the disorder in which red and green look like shades of grey or other colors? | color blindness |
| What is a genetic disorder that is also called word blindness? | dyslexia |
| What is the use of genetics to predict and explain traits in children? | Genetic counseling |
| What is the diagram that can show how a certain trait is passed along in a family? | Pedigree |
| What is a way of looking at the chromosomes of a fetus? | amniocentesis |
| What chromosome is the gene for color vision on? | X only |
| What are the sex chromosomes for a human male? | Xy |
| A mistake in chromosome number can occur during _____ | meiosis |
| What is a genetic disorder that harms brain cells? | PKU |
| It is possible for a female to have what kind of color blindness? | Red-green |
| In cows, red hair shows incomplete dominance over white hair. A cow, heterozygous for the trait of hair color would have _____ hair | mixed red and white |
| Cell reproduction in which two identical cells are made from one cell? | Mitosis |
| Cells that make up most of the body, such as the skin, blood, bones, and stomach? | Body cells |
| The two strands of a chromosome after it becomes doubles? | Sister chromatids |
| Reproductive cells produced in sex organs? | Sex cells |
| A kind of cell reproduction that forms eggs and sperm? | Meiosis |
| The stage in life when a person begins to develop sex cells? | Puberty |
| Male sex organs that produce sperm? | Testes |
| The female sex organs? | Ovaries |
| Small cell formed during meiosis in a female? | Polar body |
| Disease in which the body cells reproduce at an abnormally fast rate? | Cancer |
| What forms all body cells? | Mitosis |
| When does mitosis begin? | before you are born |
| When does mitosis end? | when you die |
| Name some of the parts of an animal cell? | Nucleus, chromosomes, cytoplasm, centrioles, nuclear membrane, cell membrane |
| What surrounds an animal cell? | cell membrane |
| What is most of the material inside an animal cell? | cytoplasm |
| What surrounds the nucleus? | nuclear membrane |
| In the first step of mitosis what doubles? | chromosomes |
| What is the exact copy of the original chromosome? | Chromatid |
| What doubles before mitosis begins? | centrioles |
| What begins to shorten and thicken during mitosis in the first part of step 1? | Sister chromatids |
| What begins to break down during step 1 of Mitosis? | nuclear membrane |
| What moves away from each other during step 1 of mitosis? | centrioles |
| What forms between the centrioles in step 1 of Mitosis? | fibers |
| What are the fibers made of? | Strands of protein |
| In step 2 of Mitosis what moves to opposite ends of the cell? | centrioles |
| What attaches to the fibers in step 2 of Mitosis? | sister chromatids |
| What gets pulled toward the center of the cell in step 2 of Mitosis? | sister chromatids |
| At the end of step 2 in Mitosis what is lined up a crossed the cell? | sister chromatids |
| At the beginning of step 3 in Mitosis what is pulled apart by the fibers? | sister chromatids |
| In step 3 of Mitosis what is being pulled toward the centrioles? | sister chromatids |
| In step 4 of Mitosis what begins to disappear? | fibers |
| In step 4 of Mitosis what begins to reform? | nuclear membrane |
| The cell membrane begins to pinch in until what is divided in half? | cytoplasm |
| At the end of step 4 of Mitosis what has been formed? | 2 new cells |
| What do the 2 new cells have the same of? | chromosomes and number of chromosomes |
| What are the benefits of Mitosis? | Mitosis helps us grow by producing new cells, replaces cells lost through cell and death and injury |
| Sperm are sex cells made by the? | male |
| An egg is a sex cell made by the? | female |
| During meiosis the four chromosomes make up what? | two matching pairs |
| During meiosis a cell divides how many times? | twice |
| The first time a cell divides, each chromosome in a pair moves away from its? | partner |
| Each chromosome of a pair goes to a different? | cell |
| The sister chromatids stay joined together and then two cells do what? | divide again |
| How many chromosomes are in each of the four final cells? | two |
| The number of chromosomes in each cell is what the original number? | ½ |
| The original cell started with how many chormosomes? | four |
| Each new cell now has only how many chromosomes? | two |
| In step one of meiosis the sister chromatids shorten and do what? | thicken |
| In step two of meiosis the nuclear membrane begins to? | break down |
| The centrioles begin to move away from one another and form what? | fibers |
| The matching chromosomes now come together to form? | pairs |
| The centrioiles have moved to what end of the cell? | opposite |
| The sister chromatids come attached to the? | fibers |
| Fibers move the two pairs of matching chromosomes to the what of the cell? | center |
| Fibers move the matching chromosomes what? | apart |
| The cell membrane begins to pinch the cell into two and divides the cytoplasm in? | half |
| Two new cells have now? | formed |
| The centrioles _____ and fibers form again? | double |
| A new nuclear membrane _____ form at this time? | doesn’t |
| The centrioles move apart, and the fibers are formed ____ them? | between |
| The fibers connect to the sister chromatids at the point where the chromatids are? | joined together |
| The sister chromatids are pulled to the ___ of the each cell? | center |
| The fibers pull each ____ of the sister chromatids apart and to opposite ends of the cell? | strand |
| Each sister chromatid is an ____ copy of just one of the original chromosomes? | exact |
| The nuclear membrane begins to reform around each new set of? | chromosomes |
| Cell membranes begin to pinch each cell in two along the? | center |
| Sperm and what are formed during meiosis? | egg |
| Sperm and egg have how much the number of chromosomes found in the body cells? | half |
| Sperm and egg both begin to develop by meiosis at what? | puberty |
| What is the stage in life when a person begins to develop sex cells? | puberty |
| Are eggs larger or smaller than sperm? | larger |
| Each sperm has a what? | tail |
| The sperms tell helps it to do what? | move |
| Sperm forms in the what? | testes |
| Testes are the male sex organs that produce what? | sperm |
| Eggs are formed in the what? | ovaries |
| Ovaries are the what sex organs? | female |
| Meiosis in males occurs all the time from the beginning of what? | puberty |
| What is a small cell formed during meiosis in a female? | polar body |
| The polar body divides and does what? | dies |
| The large cell that remains forms another what when the cell pinches in half again? | polar body |
| The third polar body also does what? | dies |
| The large cell that remains becomes the what? | egg |
| What is formed once a month from the onset of puberty? | egg |
| When sperm and egg join the chromosomes from each cell also do what? | come together |
| The new organism has a complete set of chromosomes in each of its what? | body cells |
| How much of the chromosomes in the organism come from the father? | half |
| What are two differences in plant and animal mitosis? | plants cells lack centrioles and at the end of cell division a cell wall is laid down |
| What is the process of becoming older? | aging |
| What are some signs of aging in humans? | loss of hair, wrinkled skin, and loss of calcium in bones |
| What have regular rates of reproducing? | healthy cells |
| What undergoes mitosis every twenty days? | skin cells |
| What may undergo mitosis once every two hundred days? | liver cell |
| What increases the number of cells? | rapid mitosis |
| What parts of the cell change during rapid mitosis? | shape and nuclei |
| What are three known causes of cancer? | chemicals, radiation, viruses |
| What may happen to the cells if they are in contact with poisonous chemicals for a long time? | they might become cancer cells |
| If a person spends to much time in the sun? | the person may get skin cancer |
| Why is it so difficult to cure cancer? | so many causes of cancer are unknown |
| Give an example of how a new species could form… | 1) A barrier forms 2) Living in different environments 3) Show different traits |
| Animals that can become trapped in frozen ice or mud, and insects can get trapped in sap are considered to be what? | Fossils |
| Name one effect of mutations. | 1) They could lead to a formation of a new species 2) An animal could become less adapted to its environment 3) An animal or insect could die because it cannot survive in its environment |
| How would being a white deer help you survive in the winter? | Your fur color helps you blend in with the snow. |
| Living things overproduce…what does it mean? | living things create more offspring than survive. |
| How are vestigial structures evidence of evolution? | some animals have them and need them but we do not therefore… evolution. |
| One flower opens during the day and one opens at night, which one is more likely to be pollenated by a moth? | the one open at night |
| Give four examples of evolution. | 1) Changes in fossils 2) Similarities in embryos 3) gene code 4) vestigial structures |
| Name one vestigial structure in the human body. | 1) Remains of third eyelid, appendix, etc. |
| How are fish, frog, turtle, bird, and rabbit embryos similar? | They have spines, tails, ears etc. |
| Two robins fighting over a worm is an example of what? | competition |
| True or false, a change in climate may bring about a new species? | True |
| Which layer of sedimentary rock has the most complex life forms? | the top layer |
| What are mammals with eyes that face forward, well developed cerebrum, and thumbs that can be used for grasping? | Primates |
| What mammals have a tail that can grasp like a hand and nostrils that open upward? | New-world monkeys |
| What mammals cannot grasp with their tails, if they have one, and nostrils that open downward? | Old-world monkeys |
| What are traits that help living things survive in their environment? | Adaptations |
| The theory that living things over produce, that there is a variations among offspring, there is a struggle to survive, and natural selections is always taking place was developed by whom? | Charles Darwin |
| What is the change in hereditary features among animals in the same species over time? | Evolution |
| A trait that makes an individual different from other species is? | Variation |
| The struggle among living things to get their needs for life is? | Competition |
| What are the remains of once living things? | Fossils |
| Rocks that form from layers of mud, sand, and other particles are called ___________ _____? | Sedimentary rocks |
| What is the process in living things surroundings that determines if it will or will not survive and reproduce? | Natural selection |
| A group of living things that can breed with others of the same kind and produce fertile offspring are called what? | A species |
| Being able to reproduce by forming egg and sperm cells is what? | Fertile |
| What are body parts that no longer have a function are called _________ __________? | Vestigial structures |
| In a place with dark soil, which mouse will be better able to survive, the light mouse or the dark mouse? | Dark mouse |
| Where is the oldest layer of rock with the oldest fossils found? | Bottom because it was formed first |
| Changes in fossils, similarities among embryos, gene code, and vestigial structures are all evidence of what? | Evolution |
| Smoke and fog combined | smog |
| Means poisonous | toxic |
| Molecule made of three oxygen atoms | ozone |
| Chemicals used to kill unwanted pests | pesticides |
| Something that can be broke down by microbes into harmless chemicals | biodegradable |
| Rain that has a ph. Level between 1 and 5.5 | acid rain |
| Toxic wastes made when paints and inks are made | pcbs |
| Chemical sprays used to kill insects | ddt |
| Trapped heat that may cause temperatures to rise slowly | greenhouse effect |
| A very bad problem related to pollution | acid rain |
| A species in danger of becoming extinct | endangered |
| A species close to being endangered | threatened |
| Wearing a way of soil | erosion |
| Material that settles at the bottoms of the streams | sediment |
| Making surrounding unhealthy and dirty | pollution |
| Remains of creatures that lived long ago, and remains are used for energy | fossil fuel |
| How much of the earth is covered in water | 70% |
| When soil dries up it | erodes |
| Any part of the earth used by human | natural resources |
| All living things use for respiration | oxygen |
| What do power plants put into the air | sulfur |
| What can kill insects without hurting other creatures | bacteria |
| What’s the process of reusing things | recycle |
| What are the three R’s | reduce, reuse, and recycle |
| How many trees are saved if we recycle the Sunday paper | 500,000 |
| What is it called when you form and offspring similar to the parents? | Reproduction |
| What do you call all of the changes as the living thing grows? | Development |
| What is the basic unit for all living things? | Cell |
| What is the process by which food is broken down and energy is released? | Cellular Respiration |
| What is a living thing that makes or produces its own food? | Producer |
| What is a living thing that consumes other living things? | Consumer |
| What is a trait that makes living things better able to survive? | Adaptation |
| Who is the scientist that looked at thin slices of cork under a microscope? | Robert Hooke |
| What is the thing that gives the cell its shape? | Cell Membrane |
| What controls most of the cells activities? | Nucleus |
| What surrounds he nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell? | Nuclear Membrane |
| What is the cell part that helps ribosomes? | Nucleolus |
| What is the cell part that determines what traits a living thing will have? | Chromosome |
| What is the clear jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus that helps make up most of the cell? | Cytoplasm |
| What cell part moves materials within the cell? | Canal Network |
| What cell part produces energy? | Mitochondria |
| Which cell part makes proteins? | Ribosomes |
| What is the cell part that stores food, water, and minerals? | Vacuole |
| This cell part helps with ell reproduction. | Centrioles |
| A cell wall is found in which cell plant or animal? | Plant |
| Chloroplast is found in which cell plant or animal? | Plant |
| Moving a substance from where there was a large amount to a smaller amount is called? | Diffusion |
| Membranes have opening called? | Spores |
| Movement of water across the cell is called? | Osmosis |
| What do you call a group of similar cells working together to do a certain job? | Tissue |
| A group of organs working together to do a job is? | Organ System |
| What is a living thing called? | Organism |
| This cell part destroys worn out parts and gets rid of bacteria? | Digestive Sacs |
| This cell part packages and stores chemical? | Packaging Structures |
| What are two cell parts found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells? | Chloroplast and cell wall |
| A molecule that makes up genes and decides the traits of all living thing. | DNA |
| What forms the rungs of a DNA molecule? | Nitrogen bases |
| What is the chemical that acts as a messenger for DNA? | RNA |
| What code translates the DNA language into the protein language? | Genetic code |
| Any change in coping the DNA message | Mutation |
| Energy that is given off by atoms is what? | Radiation |
| What are two children called that can form from the splitting of one fertilized egg? | identical twins |
| Twins that form from two different fertilized eggs are called what? | Fraternal |
| What do scientists compare DNA to? | a twisted ladder |
| Base A joins with base what? | base T |
| Base C joins with base what? | base G |
| A chemical within each of your body cells that controls life is called what? | genes |
| What does DNA stand for? | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| All living things contain what in their cells? | DNA |
| Scientists have estimated that a single DNA molecule in a human cell contain about how many rungs? | 100 million |
| What controls traits? | DNA |
| A chemical that acts as a messenger for DNA is called what? | RNA |
| What does RNA stand for? | ribonucleic acid |
| The DNA message will change if what takes place? | mutation |
| Mistakes in what can cause mutations? | copying |
| What type of twins are clones? | identical twins |
| Clones have the same what? | DNA and traits |
| Fraternal twins have different what? | DNA |
| Selective breeding has produced new and better types of plants and what? | animals |
| A serious blood disease that starts from a mutation. | hemophilia |
| The bringing together of two living things to produce offspring is what? | breeding |
| What is the main reason why people breed animals? | to make better offspring |
| How many steps are used when DNA copies itself? | 4 |
| What is sunscreen helpful for? | it helps protect the skin from the suns radiation |
| What does gene splicing produce that makes certain chemicals? | bacteria |
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