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CM Earth Science 8-2

Unit 8 Mr. Wilbur/Barbis: Chapter 29

QuestionSun’s energyAnswer
Sun’s energy Spectrograph; breaks light into spectrum; dark lines: in spectra of stars when gases in stars outer layer absorb specific wavelengths of light that passes through layers; by studying spectrum: scientists tell amount of elements present (Hydrogen, Mercury)
Percentages of H and He in suns mass Hydrogen: 75%; Helium 24%
Nuclear fusion Two hydrogen atoms combine to make helium Uranium
E=mc2 You can create energy as long as the mass is moving at speed of light: lost mass to make helium; given off as energy; no radioactive waste or pollution; extremely high temperature & pressure
Sun parts Core; Radioactive zone; Conductive zone
Core of sun 25% of diameter; 15,000,000 degrees C; extremely dense, compacted area; lot of motion lot of heat energy
Radioactive zone of sun Surrounds core; energy moves through electromagnetic waves
Conductive zone of sun Currents surround radioactive zone
Differentiation Different densities & amounts of material
Photosphere 6,000 degrees C
Chromospheres 4,000-50,000 degrees C
Corona Outermost layer; 1,000,000 degrees charged particles moving, solar wind, moves materials away from body
Sunspot Cooler, darker areas on sun
Solar flare Release of energy, creates solar wind
Aurora Colored light produced by charged particles from the solar wind & from the magnetosphere that react and excite oxygen & nitrogen of Earth’s atmosphere
Star Large body of gas that gives off light by nuclear fusion
Spectrograph Display of colors and lines
Composition of stars 99% hydrogen/helium; temperature of stars 2,800 – 24,000 degrees C
Colors of stars Blue, yellow and red
Stellar motion Apparent motion seem to move counterclockwise; circum polar at North Pole; due to revolution of Earth around sun shift west; stars can revolve around stars; move toward/away; rotates on axis
Doppler effect Observed change in frequency of a wave when source or observer is moving
Shorter waves Blue shift coming toward us; red shift moving longer
Light year Distance light travels in 1 year; distance between sun and Earth
Parallax An apparent shift in position of an object when viewed from different locations
Brightness Apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude
Apparent magnitude Brightness of star as seen from Earth
Absolute magnitude Brightness that a star would have at a distance of 32.6 light-years from Earth
HR diagram Graph illustrating star pattern
Constellation Group of stars with recognizable pattern
Multiple star systems Over ½ of all observed stars are binary (2 stars in center)
Star clusters Nebulas collapse to form groups of hundreds or thousands of stars; globular clusters 100,000 stars; open cluster after a few hundred stars
Galaxy Collection of stars, dust & gas formed together by gravity
Milky Way Diameter 100,000 light years & may contain more than 200 billion stars
Types of galaxies Spiral; Elliptical; Irregular; Two irregular
Spiral Nucleus of bright stars and flattened arms that spiral around nucleus
Elliptical Vary in shape from nearly spherical to very elongated
Irregular No particular shape
Two irregular Large Magellanic cloud; small Magellanic called local group club
Quasars Quasi stellar radio source; very luminous object that produces energy at a high rate; appear as points of light similar to stars; located in centers of galaxies that are distant from Earth; among the most distant objects observed from Earth
Pulsar Rapidly spinning neutron star emitting pulses of radio & energy
Hubble Observation Cosmology: study of origin, properties, processes, and evolution of universe; Universe expanding; Farther away, faster moving the object is
Big Bang Theory Theory that all matter & energy in universe was compressed into an extremely small volume; 13-15 years ago; exploded and began expanding in all directions
Created by: vbarbis
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