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DevonTectonic Plates
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four layers of the earth? | Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust |
| What is the centre of the Earth called? | Inner core |
| What is the thickest layer of the Earth? | Mantle |
| What is the thinnest layer of the Earth called? | Crust |
| Seismologist | A scientist who studies earthquakes. |
| Seismometer/Seismograph | A machine that records earthquakes |
| Seismogram | The piece of paper that the earthquake is recorded upon. |
| The distance between the P and S waves is used to figure out? | how far away the earthquake was. |
| The height of the S and L waves is used to figure out? | the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. |
| Richter Scale | A scale that compares earthquake destruction and strength |
| Magnitude | The strength of an earthquake |
| Aftershock | Smaller earthquakes that follow the first |
| San Andreas Fault | A famous fault line in California |
| Fault | A crack in the earth’s crust where two plates meet each other. |
| What are the three kinds of seismic waves? | P, S, and L waves |
| Focus | The spot inside the earth where an earthquake starts – where the p,s and L waves start |
| Epicentre | The spot on the crust directly above the focus |
| Tsunami | A giant wave created by an under water earthquake. |
| Volcano | A crack in the earth’s crust with gas, lava or ashes/cinders coming out of it. |
| Vulcanologist | A scientist who studies volcanoes |
| 3 kinds of volcanoes | Cinder Cones, Shield Cones, and Composite Cones (Stratacone) |
| The largest volcanoes | Shield cones |
| The smallest volcanoes | Ash/Cinder cones |
| The most explosive volcanoes | Composite cones |
| Volcanoes with lava only | Shield Cones |
| Volcanoes with Cinders/Ash | Cinder cones |
| Volcanoes with lava and cinders and ash | Composite cones |
| Caldera | The bowl shaped rim of a volcano |
| How many seismographs are needed to pinpoint the location of an earthquake? | Three |
| How do we know what is inside the earth? | By listening to earthquakes as they pass through the Earth |
| Why is the spinning metal core so important to our survival? | It generates the Earth’s magnetic field which protects us from solar radiation. |
| Theory of Continental Drift | The theory that stated that the continents slowly drifted apart over millions of years to their current day position. |
| Alfred Wegener | German scientist who came up with the theory of continental drift |
| Pangaea | The super continent that existed 200 million years ago. |
| The first piece of evidence that Wegener used to support his theory | The continents of Africa and South America look like they fit together. |
| The second piece of evidence that Wegener used to support his theory | Fossils of the same animals on widely separated continents. |
| The third piece of evidence that Wegener used to support his theory | Glaciers on the equator and tropical swamps in the arctic. |
| The fourth piece of evidence that Wegener used to support his theory | Mountain ranges that connect on both sides of the ocean |
| Theory of Plate Tectonics | The current theory that says the earth’s crust is broken into large jigsaw puzzle pieces that are slowly moving (as they move they create volcanoes, earthquakes and mountains) |
| Where do earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains occur? | Along the edges of tectonic plates |
| How many ways do the plate boundaries interact with wach other? | Three |
| Transform fault boundary | plates sliding past each other |
| Divergent plate boundary | plates separating from each other – making new crust |
| Convergent plate boundary | plates colliding – destroying old crust |
| J. Tuzo Wilson | Canadian scientist who helped form Theory of Plate Tetonics. |
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devon science
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