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CM Earth Science 7-2

Unit 7 Mr. Wilbur/Barbis: Chapter 26--RB 10

QuestionAnswer
Astronomy Study of the universe; galaxy, solar systems
Astronomical unit AU; average distance between Earth & sun; approximately 150 million kilometers
Light year Speed of light traveling (distance not time) in a year; 300,000 km/s; in one year, light travels 9.46 x 1012 km.
Why studying astronomy is valuable to humans May lead to new energy sources; Protect world from catastrophes (meteors, etc)
Cosmology Study of origin, properties, processes, and evolution of universe
Electromagnetic spectrum All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation; includes light, radio, and x-rays; Short wave length—high frequency; Long wave length—low frequency
Infrared Electromagnetic radiation with waves longer than visible light waves; “below the red”; reradiate
Ultraviolet Shorter wavelengths than wavelengths of violet light; “below the violet”
Telescope Instrument that collects electromagnetic radiation from the sky for viewing
Types of radiations detected by telescopes Visible light; Infrared waves; Microwaves; Radio waves; Ultraviolet waves; X rays; Gamma rays
Refracting telescopes uses a set of lenses to gather and focus light from distant objects
Radio telescopes Ground based telescopes; work best at high altitudes
Space-based telescopes Atmosphere cannot interfere with them
Hubble Space Telescope Collects electromagnetic radiation from objects in space
Optical telescopes Collects visible light
Reflecting telescopes uses curved mirror to gather and focus light from distant objects
Other space craft Voyager/Voyager 2; Galileo
Satellite Provide information, weather, cell phones, television, medical advances
Rotation Spin of a body on its axis; Earth takes about 1 day; West to East; 23 degree tilt on axis; approximately ½ globe in light/½ in darkness; N Pole in light/S Pole in Dark (and vice versa)
Revolution Motion around another object; 30 km/sec; 30 yd/sec; can’t feel Earth moving; takes 364 ¼ days to complete
Shape of Earth’s orbit An ellipse; closed curve whose slope is determined by 2 points of focus
Aphelion Farthest point from sun
Perihelion Closest point to sun
Time zones Earth moves 15 degrees/hour; each longitude is 15 degrees apart; 24 time zones
International Date Line Line running north and south through Pacific Ocean where it changes from one day to next
Constellation Group of stars organized in a pattern
Why do the constellations change during year? Earth’s 15 degree/hour rotation rate, different times of year based on rotation and revolution of Earth; Earth moves so you get different views of stars
How is measurement of time related to Earth’s motions? 1 day= rotation; 1 year=revolution around sun
Seasons 23.5 degree tilt of Earth on axis; Earth points toward sun in summer and away from it in winter; at equal distance in fall and spring **Earth is farthest away from sun in Summer
Seasons in Northern Hemisphere differ from Southern Hemisphere Sun’s angle changes; tilted away, low intensity light; fewer daylight hours and it is opposite in the other area
Equinox Moment when sun appears to cross celestial equator; about 12 hr/12 hr; Vernal Equinox: March 21 or 22; Autumnal Equinox: September 22 or 23
Solstice Point at which sun is as far north or as far south of equator as possible; sun strikes at 90 degrees along Tropic of Cancer on June 21 or 22; summer in N Hemisphere:
Summer Solstice Beginning of summer in Northern Hemisphere; June 21 or 22; sun strikes at 90 degrees along Tropic of Cancer
Winter Solstice Beginning of winter in Northern Hemisphere; December 21 or 22; sun strikes at 90 degrees along Tropic of Capricorn
At North and South poles 24 hours of day or night for 6 months at a time; opposite at other pole
Created by: vbarbis
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