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unit 2
chapter 31
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| resident flora | microorganisms that normally reside on the skin and mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. |
| infection | the disease process produced by microorganisms |
| disease | an alteration in the body function resulting in a reduction of the capacities or shortening of the normal life span. |
| virulence | ability to produce disease. |
| communicable disease | a disease that can be spread from one person to another |
| pathogenicity | the ability to produce disease,a pathogen is a mircorganism that causes disease. |
| opportunistic pathogen | a microrganism only causing disease in a susceptible person |
| asepsis | freedom from infection |
| medical asepsis | all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area |
| clean | free of potentially infectious agents |
| dirty | presence of infectious agents |
| surgical asepsis or sterile asepsis | practices that keep an area or object free from microorganisms |
| sepsis | the presence of pathogenic organisms or the toxins in the blood or body tissues |
| bacteria | the most common infection-causing microorganism |
| viruses | nucleic acid-based infectious agents |
| fungi | infectious-causing microorganisms that include yeast and molds |
| parasites | microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment |
| colonization | the presence of organisms in the body secretions or excretions |
| local infection | an infection that is limited to a specific area of the body |
| systemic infection | occurs when pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body |
| bacteremia | bacteria in blood |
| septicemia | bacteremia results in systemic infection |
| acute infections | appears suddenly |
| nosocomial infections | infections that originate in a hospital |
| endogenous | developing from within |
| exogenous | developing from the outside |
| reservoirs | a source of microorganisms |
| carrier | a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious and can be an infection |
| direct transmission | occurs when an infected person comes in contact with another person |
| indirect transmission | can be vehicle-borne or vector-borne |
| vehicle-born transmission | any substance that serves as an intermediate means to tramsport and introduce an infectious agent |
| vector-born transmission | an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves asan intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent |
| airborne transmission | may involve droplet or dust |
| droplet nuclei | the residue of evaporated droplets emitted by an infectious host |
| compromised host | a person with increased risk of getting an infection |
| nonspecific defenses | protects the person against all microorganism regardless of prior exposure. |
| specific defenses | immune functions directed against identifiable becteria, viruses, fungi |
| inflammation | local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury |
| leukocytes | white blood cells |
| leukocytosis | low white blood cell count |
| exudate | purulent drainage |
| regeneration | renewal, regrowth, and the replacement of destroyed tissue |
| granulation tissue | young conn. tissue with new capillaries |
| antigen | immunity |
| autoantigen | if protein orginate in your own body |
| humoral immunity | defense resides in b lymphocytes |
| antibodies | body plasma proteins |
| passive immunity | the receives natural antibodies |
| cell mediated defenses | occurs in the t cell system |
| sterilization | destroys all microorganisms |
| bloodborne pathogens | potentially infectious organisms that are carried in the blood |
| standard precautions | the risk of the caregiver to expose to clients body tissues |
| universal precautions | techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of tranmissions of organisms |
| isolation | practice that prevents the spread of illness |
| airborne precautions | microorganisms that can be transmitted in the air |
| contact precautions | used for clients who can transmit microrganisms by contact |
| sterile field | a mircoorganism free area |
| what are the three different methods of transmission? | direct, indirect, and airborne |
| what is the chain of infection? | etiologic agent,reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and suscepitible host |
| what are 5 signs of an infection | pain, swelling, redness, heat, and impaired function of the part |
Created by:
jenniferpotwin
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