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CM Earth Science 3-3

Unit 3 Mr. Wilbur/Barbis: Chapter 13

QuestionAnswer
What causes rock to melt Temperature of rock rises above melting point of minerals in rock
Magma Liquid or molten rock produced under the Earth’s surface
Lava Magma that flows onto Earth’s surface; solidifies and cools into igneous rock
Volcano A vent or fissure in Earth’s surface where magma and gases are expelled
Volcanism Any activity that includes the movement of magma toward or onto Earth’s surface
Places volcanoes are likely to occur Near convergent and divergent plate boundaries
Hot Spots Active area of volcanic activity typically away from plate boundary
Mantle Plume Columns of solid, hot material from deep mantle rise and reach lithosphere
2 major types of volcanic eruptions mafic; felsic
Mafic eruption Magma or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron; generally dark colored; runny lava, low viscosity; quiet eruptions
Felsic eruption Magma or igneous rock rich in feldspar and silica; generally light colored; sticky lava; high viscosity; explosive eruptions
Pyroclastic material Fragments of rock that form during volcanic eruption
3 main types of volcanoes Shield volcano;Cinder cones;Composite volcano
Shield volcano Broad at base; gently sloping sides; wide area; quiet eruptions; mafic lava; Hawaiian Islands formed from this hot spot on ocean floor
Cinder cone Steep slopes; explosive eruptions; pyroclastic material
Composite volcano Alternating layers of hardened lava flows and pyroclastic material; combination of quiet and explosive eruptions; aka stratovolcanoes; large volcanic mountains
Caldera Large, circular depression that forms when magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes ground above it to sink
Created by: vbarbis
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