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Chapter 10 Vocab Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gene | DNA segments ; the dna on chromosomes that is arranged in segments that control the production of proteins |
| homologous | the chromosomes that make up a pair, one chromosome from each parent |
| gametes | haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg |
| haploid | a cell with n number of chromosomes |
| fertilization | the process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete |
| diploid | a cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes - n chromosomes from the female parent plus n chromosomes from the male parent |
| meiosis | a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes ; therefore it is referred to as a reduction division |
| crossing over | is a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| genetics | the science of heredity |
| allele | alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation |
| dominant | mendels name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation |
| recessive | mendels name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation |
| homozygous | an organism with 2 of the same alleles for a particular trait |
| heterzygous | an organism with 2 different alleles for a particular trait |
| genotype | organisms allele pair |
| phenotype | the observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair |
| laws of segregation | states the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis |
| hybrids | organism heterozygous for specific trait |
| law of independent assortment | states that a random distribution of alleles occurs during a gamete formation |
| genetic recombination | the new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment |
| polyploidy | the occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism |