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Chapter 10 Vocab Bio

QuestionAnswer
gene DNA segments ; the dna on chromosomes that is arranged in segments that control the production of proteins
homologous the chromosomes that make up a pair, one chromosome from each parent
gametes haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg
haploid a cell with n number of chromosomes
fertilization the process by which one haploid gamete combines with another haploid gamete
diploid a cell that contains 2n number of chromosomes - n chromosomes from the female parent plus n chromosomes from the male parent
meiosis a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes ; therefore it is referred to as a reduction division
crossing over is a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes
genetics the science of heredity
allele alternative form of a single gene passed from generation to generation
dominant mendels name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation
recessive mendels name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation
homozygous an organism with 2 of the same alleles for a particular trait
heterzygous an organism with 2 different alleles for a particular trait
genotype organisms allele pair
phenotype the observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair
laws of segregation states the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis
hybrids organism heterozygous for specific trait
law of independent assortment states that a random distribution of alleles occurs during a gamete formation
genetic recombination the new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment
polyploidy the occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism
Created by: ashshack
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