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Microbio Ch. 2

Chem

QuestionAnswer
Chemistry Ths study of interactions between atoms and molecules
Atom The smallest unit of matter. Atoms interact to form molecules.
Valence The number of missing or extra electrons in the outermost shell.
Ionic Bonds (I=Indian=arrow) Are attractions between ions of opposite charge. One loses electrons and another gains electrons.
Covalent Bonds Share electrons
Hydrogen bonds Form when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an O or N atom is attracted to another N or O atom in another molecule.
Molecular weight The sum of the atomic weights in a molecule.
One Mole Is Its molecular weight in grams.
Endergonic Reactions that absorb energy.
Exergonic Reactions release energy.
Anabolism (Ana Builds) The synthesis of molecules in a cell.
Catabolism Decomposition reactions in a cell
Water Only compound that floats when it freezes/Inorganic/polar molecule/solvent/H bonds absorb heat making it a temp buffer
pH= -log[H+]
Macromolecules Are polymers consisting of many small repeating molecules.
Monosaccharides Are simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
Disaccharides Are formed when 2 monosaccharides are joined in a dehydration synthesis. Can be broken down by hydrolysis.
Oligosaccharides Consist of 2 to 20 monosaccharides.
Polysaccharides Consist of tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis.
Lipids Primary component of cell membranes/consist of C, H & O/are nonpolar and insoluble.
Fats/Triglycerides Simple lipids/contain glycerol and fatty acids/formed by dehydration synthesis.
Saturated Fat Simple lipid/no double bond.
Unsaturated Fat Simple lipid/One or more double bonds in the fatty acids
Proteins Are essential in cell structure & function/enzymes speed chemical reactions/make up flagella
Amino Acids Are subunits of proteins/exist in either 2 stereoisomers: D or L. L-forms are often found in nature.
Primary Protein Structure A polypeptide (multiple) chain
Secondary Protein Structure Occurs when the amino acid chain folds and coils in a regular helix or pleats.
Tertiary Protein Structure Occurs when the helix folds irregularly, forming disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain.
Quaternary Protein Structure Consists of 2 or more polypeptides.
Nucleic Acids Consists of nucleotides:pentose,phosphate group and nitrogen base.
Nucleosides Consist of a pentose and nitrogen containing base.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid/has deoxyribose/double helix/A+T & G+C.
RNA Ribonucleic acid/has ribose/single stranded/A+U & G+C.
ATP Adenosine triphosphate/has ribose, adenine, and 3 phosphate groups.
Parts of an Atom Electrons-negative/Protons-positive/Neutrons-neutral
Created by: nadiapr
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