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Biology Chapter 12

Final Review

QuestionAnswer
Griffith injected mice with different strands of bacteria - smooth=deadly, rough=ok. When heat killed smooth bacteria was mixed with harmless bacteria and was injected, the mice died.
Avery Used enzymes to kill different molecules, when DNA was killed transformation did not occur.
Hershey-Chase Used bacteriophages with different radioactive markers on their protein coats and DNA. Phosphorus 32 was found injected in, which was the marker of DNA.
3 critical things genes were known to do. Carry info from one generation to another, put that information to work by determing the heritable characteristics of organisms, and had to be easily copied.
4 kinds of nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Purines A, G
Pyrmididines C, T
A bonds to what and C bonds to what T, G
DNA's structure double helix - has two strands
Backbone of a DNA chain sugar and phosphate groups of each nucleotide.
DNA is tightly coiled around histone proteins
DNA and histones form nucleosomes
Why are the chromosomes only visible during mitosis? The fibers of each chromosome are drawn together.
Replication the cell duplicates its DNA.
DNA Replication info the DNA molecule unzips. Each strand serves as a template. Two complementary strands are formed because of base pairing.
Replication fork where DNA replication and separation occur
DNA Polymerase Polymerizes individual nucleotides, proofreeds each new DNA strand making sure it's an exact copy.
Created by: numchuckskillz
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