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CM Earth Science 1-3

Unit 1 Mr. Wilbur/Barbis: Chapter 3--RB 1 p. 20-33

QuestionAnswer
Navigation The science of identifying your position
Finding locations Earth is a sphere; Reference points used to find specific locations; North and South; Equator is half way between poles
Coordinate system System of intersecting lines used to determine location; NSEW, latitude and longitude
Latitude Angle distance N or S of Equator; Parallels: circles around globe;divided into minutes and seconds;Latitude of a position N of equator is equal to angle of altitude (height from ground) to North Star (Polaris)
Longitude Angle measurement East and West; Meridians are semi circles that run pole to pole; Prime Meridian 0 degrees; international date line 180 degrees
Prime Meridian Greenwich, England; used by British Navy to set clocks usning sun’s motion; Agreed upon 1884 by 25 countries
Time Based on observation of sun; Moon is highest point in the sky; Sun never directly overhead in USA; 15 degrees per hour rotation
Earth as a Magnet Like a bar magnet, N and S poles;Geomagnetic poles off by approximately 12 degrees from geographic poles;Magnetic declination; Compass points togeomagnetic North, not true North
Global Positioning System (GPS) Uses system of satellites to find latitude and longitude
Cartography Mapping Earth’s surface; done by field surveys & remote sensing devices; & various combinations of these
Globe Sphere; model of the Earth; too small for details but accurate for general locations
Maps Flat, therefore not as accurate; can provide greater details
Projections Projecting Earth on a piece of paper; cylindrical (Mercator);“Wrap” a paper cylinder line around a globe
Latitude and longitude Perpendicular to each other;Parallel to themselves;Make it easy to find locations;Accurate at Equator;Distorted as you move toward the poles
Azimuthal (Gnomonic) Place a flat piece of paper at a position and transfer lines;Small distortion at a contact point;Distortion increases with greater distances from that point;Used for travel; directions
Conic (Polyconic) Paper cone is placed over a position; where it touches is most accurate;As you move away at greater distortion;Polyconic: many cones are used for a projection; increasing accuracy
Compass Rose Tells N, S, E, W
Legend Symbols used on a map
Scale Ratio of size being used on map
Isograms “equal drawing”; (isolines): lines of equal value; (Isobars): pressure; (isotherm): temperature; (contour line elevation): elevation lines
Field Area where similar quantities can be measured
Topographic maps Show surface features; size, shape, elevations;Most widely used;Shows manmade and natural features: hills, valleys, depressions, escarpments, roads, rivers
Elevation Height above sea level (0 m); contour lines connect equal elevations; shape will reflect shape of land mass
Contour interval Distance between contour lines
Relief Difference between highest and lowest point
Gradual change in elevation Gentle slope in contour lines
Rapid change in elevation Steep slope in contour lines
Contour lines form a “v” Toward higher end of a valley
“V” upstream If there is a stream
Wide valley Wide “v”
Hilltops Closed loops
Depression Closed loops with lines pointing in
Black Construction feature, contour lines
Red Major roads and highways
Blue Water
Green Forest area
Purple Featured not confirmed by field work
Geologic map Shows Earth’s features like rock formations, faults, fields
Soil map Classify and describe soil types to assist in agriculture and land management
Created by: vbarbis
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