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Biology Chapter 7
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. |
| Cell membrane | a thin, flexible barrier around the cell |
| Cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane |
| Nucleus | contains the genetic material, controls the cell's activities |
| Cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane |
| Prokaryote | lack nuclei and organelles. They have one circular chromosome and are less than 5 micrometers |
| Eukaryote | contains nuclei and organelles, have many linear chromosomes, and are 20-100 micrometers |
| Organelle | Specialized structure in a cell |
| Cell Walls | found in plants and some bacteria. In protects the cell and gives it support. It's made of fibers of carbohydrates and proteins. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. |
| Nucleus | controls most cell processes and contains DNA |
| Nucleolus | A small, dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins. |
| Cytoskeleton | Protein filaments that helps the cell matain its shape and it's involved in cell movement. |
| Microtubules | hollow tubes of proteins 25 nanometers in diameter. They mantain cell shape, serve as "tracks" for organelles, and form centrioles. |
| Microfilaments | long, thin fibers 7 nanometers in diameter. Give support, move organelles in the cell. |
| Rough ER | Involved in the synthesis of proteins and has ribosomes. |
| Smooth ER | Contains enzymes that perform specialized tasks. |
| Lysosomes | Break down old organelles, have enzymes that break down lipids, carbos, and proteins. They remove debris and are suicide sacks. |
| Ribosome | RNA, produces protein. |
| ER | Constructs components of scell membrane and some proteins |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes, enzymes attach carbos to lipids and proteins |
| Vacuole | Saclike structure, stores materials |
| Chloroplast | uses nrg from sunlight to make food |
| Mitochondrion | Uses nrg from food to make ATP |
| Animal cells have ____ which plant cells don't. | Lysosomes |
| Plant cells have _____ and _____ which animal cells don't. | Cell wall, chloroplasts. |
| Functions of the cell membrane | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support |
| The core of nearly all cell membranes | lipid bilayer |
| Diffusion | A process in which molecules move from high concentration to low concentration |
| Selectively permeable | allows only some substances to pass through |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Water stops moving acroos a membrane... | once equilibrium is reached. |
| Isotonic | same stregnth in solute |
| Hypertonic | above stregnth in solute |
| Hypotonic | below stregnth in solute |
| Osmosic exerts pressure on the____ side. | hypertonic |
| Facilitated diffusion | a protein channel allows molecules that can't fit through the lipid bilayer to get in, like ions, sugars, and salts. |
| Active transport | moving molecules against a concentration difference. |
| Endocytosis | taking material into the cell by infoldings of the cell membrane |
| Phagocytosis | large molecules are taken in by endocytosis |
| Exocytosis | removal of material from the cell when the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane. |
| Cell specialization | when a cell is specialized to perform a particular function within the organism. |
| Four levels of organization | Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems |
| Tissue | group of similar cells |
| Four main types of tissue | muscle, epithelial, nervous, connective. |
| Organ | a group of tissues |
| Organ System | a group of organs. |
Created by:
numchuckskillz
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