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microbio275 pt. 3
Atypical Bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia | atypical bacteria |
| smallest-free living bacteria, no cell-wall (pleomorphic), form filaments | mycoplasma |
| 1-2 um gram(-) rods, obligate intracellular parasites, transmitted by arthopod vectors | rickettsia |
| endemic typhus | Rickettsia typhi |
| epidemic typhus | Rickettsia prowasekii |
| outer membrane but NO peptidoglycan | chlamydia |
| chlamydia; infectious, metabolically inactive | elementary body |
| chlamydia; fragile | reticulate body |
| lymphogranuloma venereum, non-gonococcal urethritis, proctitis, inclusion conjunctivitis | chlamydia trachomatis |
| ornithosis; like flu respiratory | chlamydia psittaci |
| atypical pneumonia | chlamydia pneumoniae |
| thin, tightly coiled, helically shaped bacteria; moves corkscrew fashion (pathogenic spirochetes can burrow through hosts's tissue) | spirochetes |
| pathogen of humans only; endemic among sex workers, spread from infected mother-fetus, congential | spirochetes:treponema pallidum |
| test against bacterial antigens; penicillin, practice abstinence - tertiary syphilis is hard to diagnose and treat | spirochetes: treponema |
| non-sexually transmitted diseases | spirochetes: treponema Eg Yaws |
| lightly staining, gram(-) spirochetes; lyme disease & relapsing fever | spirochetes: borrelia |
| borrelia burgdorferi is causative agent; transmitted by tick bite | lyme disease |
| expanding red "bull's eye" rash occurs at infection site; neurological symptoms & cardiac dysfunction; severe arthritis for years | lyme disease |
| antimicrobial drugs treat first stage, later stages become difficult; avoid ticks | lyme disease |
| borrelia recurrentis causative agent, transmitted by lice; recurring episodes of septicemia & fever | relapsing fever |
| observation of spirochetes,antimicrobial drugs are successful, avoid ticks & lice | relapsing fever |
| common species to infect humans, causes cholera, virulence factor is cholera toxin, replacement therapy | vibrio cholerae |
| water goes from system to lumen of gut | action of cholera toxin in intestinal epithelial cells |
| diagnosis based on diarrhea; fluid & electrolyte replacement | pathogenic gram(-) vibrios |
| slightly helical, motile bacterium colonizes stomach; gastritis & peptic ulcers; numerous virulence factors enable colonize the stomach; produces urease | helicobacter pylori |
| unicellular/multicellular, cell wall, photosynthetic, aquatic & terrestrial, major source of O2, no pathogenic-but some toxins | algae |
| dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins, toxin accumulates in shellfish tissues | algal toxins |
| non-photosynthetic, non-motile, cell wall=chitin, unicellular (yeasts), multicellar (molds) | fungi |
| zygomycetes, basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, deuteromycetes | fungi |
| common bread mold rhizopus | zygomycetes |
| fungi of Dutch elm disease | ascomycetes |
| common mushroom and puffballs | basidiomycetes |
| medically, penicillin; pathogenic | deuteromycetes |
| cytoplasmic fusion, nucleic fusion | fungal reproduction |
| produce spores-reproductive structures; germinate and extend underground | fungi |
| characterized by type of spores | fungi |
| mycotoxins | fungal toxins |
| mycoses | fungal infections |
| claviceps purpurea, aspergillus flavis (aflatoxin), amanita verma | mycotoxins |
| caused by dermatophytes; tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea unguium, tinea capitis, tinea barbae | mycoses |
| opportunistic yeast | candidiasis |
| mouth, infant, immunocompromise | candidiasis thrush |
| skin, nails | candidiasis superficial |
| yeast infection; hormonal changes, antibiotic therapy | candidiasis vaginal(candida albicans) |
| valley fever, symptoms due to immune response, can disseminate | coccidioides immitis |
| yeast colonize over body and attacks it, and can travel from lungs to other parts of the body | coccidioids immitis |
| encapsulated, inhaled, headache, difficulty in thinking, dizziness, vomiting, weight loss, paralysis, seizures, death | cryptococcal meningoencephalitis |
| histoplasma capsulatum, spelunker's disease, mild flu-like symptoms | histoplasmosis |
Created by:
bsulankey
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