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microbio275 pt. 2

Gram Positive Pathogens

QuestionAnswer
normal microbiota, can be opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus
gram(+) cocci, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes, grapelike clusters, salt tolerant(human skin), tolerant of dessication(environmental surfaces) Staphylococcus
pathogenic: structures that evade phagocytosis, production of enzymes & toxins Staphylococcus
coats the cell surface, interferes with humoral immune response, inhibits complement cascade Staph.Virulence Factors: PROTEIN A
fibrin clots hide bacteria from phagocytic cells Staph.Virulence Factors: Bound Coagulase
inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis/phagocytosis; facilitate attachment to surfaces Staph.Virulence Factors: Capsule
triggers blood clotting Staph. Enzymes: Cell-free Coagulase
breaks down hylarunic acid & enables bacteria to spread between cells Staph. Enzymes: Hyaluronidase
dissolves fibrin threads in blood clots Staph. Enzymes: Staphylokinase
digest lipids, allows it to grow on skin/oil glands Staph. Enzymes: Lipases
breaks down penicillin, survives on beta-lactam antimicrobial drugs Staph. Enzymes: Beta-lactamase
cytolytic, exfoliative, TSS, enterotoxins Staph. Toxins
food poisoning Staph. diseases: noninvasive
scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, folliculitis Staph. diseases: cutaneous
Staph. toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis Staph. diseases: systemic
gram(+) cocci, facultative anaerobes, arranged in pairs/ chains, lancefield groups A,B,C,D Streptococcus
Protein M, Hyaluronic acid capsule, streptokinases, deoxyribonucleases, C5a peptidase, pyrogenic toxins, streptolysins Group A Strep. (S. pyogenes)
pharyngitis, scarlet fever, pyoderma & erysipelas, strep. tss, necrotizing fascitis, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis Group A Strep. dieases
infects newborns w/o specific antibodies; neonatal bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, immunocompromised patienst; ELISA test/Pencillin G Group B Strep. (S. agalactiae)
gram(+) cocci, unpigmented, alpha-hemolytic colonies on blood agar Group B. Strep. (S. pneumoniae)
polysaccharide capsule, phosphorylcholine-cells phagocytize bacteria, protein adhesin, secretory IgA protease, pneumolysin Group B. Strep. (S. pneumoniae)
in human colon; form short chains, pairs, lacks capsule; nosocomial opportunist Enterococcus (group D strep.)
gram(+) bacilli, form endospores, inhalation/ingestion of spores, inoculation of spores through break in skin Bacillus (B. anthracis)
gram(+) bacilli, form endospores, ubiquitous in soil, water, gastrointestinal tracts Clostridium
toxins can cause irreversible damage to body, food poisoning, gas gangrene-endospores germinate/cause necrosis Clostridium perfringens
flaccid paralysis, foodbourne-death from asphyxiation, infant-ingestion of endospores, wound-contamination; antitoxins & antimicrobial drugs Clostridium botulinum
infection, spastic paralysis; antitoxin, antimicrobial drugs, active immunization with tetanus toxoid Clostridium tetani
gram(+), non-spore forming coccobacillus, normal flora; contaminated food & drink; virulence due to bacteria's ability to live within cells - produces no toxins/ enzymes Listeria monocytogenes
blockage of translation, toxin encoded by prophage, formation of pseudomembrane on throat, treated with antitoxin & antibiotics Corynebacterium diphtheriae
mycolic acid cell walls, slow growth, protection from lysis after phagocytosis, capacity for intracellular growth; resistance to gram-staining, detergents, antimicrobial drugs, & dessication Mycobacterium
virulent strains produce cord factor; primary TB, secondary TB, disseminated TB Mycobacterium tuberculosis
no growth in cell-free culture; transmitted from contact in skin break, tuberculoid leprosy & lepromatus leprosy Mycobacterium leprae
Created by: bsulankey
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