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Biology
Ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the goal of science? | To investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions |
| Science deals with only the _____ _______. | natural world |
| Scientists collect and organize information in a careful, orderly way, looking for ______ and _______ between ________. | patterns, connections, events |
| Scientists propose explanations that can be tested by ________ __________. | examining evidence |
| What is science? | An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world |
| What is observation? | Using one or more senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste) to gather information |
| What is data? | The information gathered from observations, also called evidence |
| What are two types of observations? | Quantitive and qualitive |
| What are quantitive observations? | Observations involving numbers |
| What are qualitive observations? | Observations that involve characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted, such as color or texture. |
| What is an inference? | A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience |
| What is a hypothesis? | A possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question |
| A hypothesis is useful only if it can be ________. | tested. |
| Hypotheses may arise from _____ _______, ______ _________, or _________ _________. | prior knowledge, logical inferences, or imaginative guesses |
| Testing may sometimes be done by making _____ __________ or through _________ ___________. | further observation or through careful questioning |
| No matter what the outcome, a tested hypothesis has value in science because...? | it helps researchers advance scientific knowledge |
| Qualities of a Scientist | Curiosity, honesty, open-mindedness, skepticism, recognition that science has limits |
| Who is Aristotle? | A greek philosopher who made observations of the natural world |
| Designing an Experiment | 1Stating the Problem 2Forming a Hypothesis 3Setting Up a Controlled Experiment 5Recording and Analyzing Results 6Drawing a Conclusion |
| What is spontaneous generation? | The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter (maggots on meat) |
| What did Francesco Redi propose in 1668? | A different hypothesis for the appearance of maggots-Flies laid eggs too small for people to see (flies produce maggots) |
| What are variables? | The factors in an experiment that can change (equipment, type of material, amount of material, temperature, light, time |
| A hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only ___ variable(s) is changed at a time. | one |
| What is a controlled experiment? | When only one variable is changed at a time |
| What is the manipulated variable? | The variable that is deliberately changed |
| What is the responding variable? | The variable that is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable |
| Redi made a prediction that...? | keeping flies away from meat would prevent the appearance of maggots |
| What was Redi's experiment? | Put meat in 2 jars, cover one, see that maggots appear in uncovered jar |
| What was Redi's conclusion? | Flies produce maggots |
| What did Anton van Leeuwenhook do? | prepared lenses that let me magnify tiny objects (new types of life) in rainwater, pondwater, and dust. He called them animalcules. |
| What was John Needham''s prediction? | Spontaneous generation can occur |
| What was Needham's experiement? | Sealed bottle of gravy, heated it, claimed heat killed living things in gravy, then found animals in gravy |
| What was Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment? | Boiled 2 containers of gravy, sealed one jar, open jar-microorganisms, sealed jar-no microorganisms |
| What did Sallanzani conclude? | Nonliving gravy did not produce living things |
| What did Louis Pasteur design? | A flask with a long curved neck that remained open to air, but microorganisms from air did not make their way through the neck into the flask |
| Whose work convinced scientists that spontaneous generation was not correct? | Pasteur |
| Pasteur showed that...? | all living things come from other living things |
| What is a theory? | A hypothesis that becomes well supported by scientists |
Created by:
K1
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