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Biology Chapter 1
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The goal of science | To investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions. |
| Science | An organized wayi of using evdience to learn about the natural world. |
| Observation | Involves using one or more of the senses to gather information. |
| Info from observation | data |
| Quantitative observations | numbers |
| Qualitative observations | Characteristics that cannot be easily measured or counted. |
| Inference | a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience |
| Hypothesis | A possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question. |
| A hypothesis must be | testable |
| Spontaneous generation | The idea that life can arise from nonliving matter |
| Redi's hypothesis | Flies produced maggots |
| An experiment should only test... | one variable at a time |
| Variables | factors in an experiment that can change |
| Controlled experiment | only one variable is changed at a time |
| MV | purposely changed |
| RV | changes because of the mv and is measured |
| Why can experimental results be reproduced? | Scientists believe that nature behaves in a consistent manner |
| data from a controlled experiment is used | to evalutate the hypothesis and to draw a conclusion |
| Leeuwenhoek | discovered microscopic life in rainwater, pondwater, and dust |
| Needham | concluded spontaneous generation did occur because after boiling gravy, more microrganisms came into the gravy |
| Spallazani | Did Needham's experiment with an open and sealed flask |
| Pasteur | settled the argument with the flask with the curved neck |
| Theory | A hypothesis that is extremely well supported |
| Biology | Living world science |
| Cell | Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings. |
| Smallest unit that can be considered alive | yup |
| Multicellular organism | contains trillions of cells |
| Living things are based on a universal | genetic code (DNA) |
| An organinism needs a constant supply of materials | to grow, develop, and reproduce |
| Homeostasis | process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable. |
| Evolve | change over time |
| ethologist | studies animal behavior |
| largest level of bio study | biosphere |
| Why do scientists need a common measurement system | to replicate each others experiments |
| Metric system | system scientists use - decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and based on multiples of ten |
| Microscopes | produce magnified images |
| Compound light microscope | allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image |
| Chemical stains | highlight specific structures in the cell |
| 2 types of electron microscopes | TEM and SEM |
| TEM | shines a beam of electrons through a specimen |
| SEM | runs a beam back and forth which "scans" the specimen |
| cell culture | group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a signel original cell |
| cell fractionation | separates on part of a cell from the rest |
| follow instructions | (blank) |
Created by:
numchuckskillz
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