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health assessment 3d
neurologic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| flaccidity | decreased muscle tone or hyptonia; muscle feels limp, flabby, weak + easily fatigued |
| spasticity | increased muscle tone or hypertonia; increased restance to pasive lengthening |
| rigidity | constant stae of resistance in any direction;dystonia |
| cogwheel rigidity | increased tone is released by passive ROM, feels like a small jerks |
| paralyis | decreased or loss of motor power cause: trauma, spainal cord injury, brain attack, bell's palsy, diabetic neuropathy |
| hemiplegia | spastic or flaccid paralysis of one side |
| paraplegia | smmetric paralysis of both lower extremities |
| quadriplegia | paralysis in all 4 extremities |
| paresis | weakness of muscles rather than paralysis |
| fasciculation | rapid, continous twitching of resting muscle or part of muscle w/o movement of limb |
| tic | involuntary, compulsive, repetitive twitching of a muscle group |
| myoclonus | rapid, sudden jerk or a short series of jerk at failry regular intervals |
| tremor | involuntary contraction of opposing muscle group disapper while sleeping |
| rest tremor | coarse + slow (3-6 per sec); party or completel disappers with voluntary movemetn |
| intention tremor | rate varies; worse with voluntary movemtn occur with cerebellar disease + multiple sclerosis |
| chorea | sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movemtn involving limbs, trunk, or face |
| athetosis | slow, twisting, writhing, continous movemtn, resembling a snake or worm |
| spastic hemiparesis | arm is immobile against body,w ith flexion of shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, + adduction of shoulder -leg is stiff |
| cerebellar ataxia | staggering, wide-based gait; difficulty with turns;uncoordinated; positive Romberg sing |
| parkinsonian (festinating) | posture is stopped; trunk pitched forward; elbows, hips + knees flexed -walks and turns with one fixed unit |
| scissors | knees cross or are n contact, uses short steps + walking requeires effort |
| steppage or footdrop | slapping quality (look like walking up stairs |
| waddling | weak hip muscles -take step oppostie hip drops |
| short leg | (>2.5 cm) |
| upper motor neuron lesion | increased tone, atrophy, hyperreflexia ex: brain attack or cerbrovascular accident |
| lower motor neuron lesion | loss of tone, atrophy(wasting), fasciculations, hypoflexia ex: herniated intervertebral disk |
| cerebral palsy | neuromotor disorder of infancy +childhood -damage to cerebral cortex |
| muscular dystrophy | chronic, progressive wasting of skeletal musculature, which produces weakness, contracutres -sym childhood |
| hemiplegia | damage to corticospinal tract -CVA, |
| parkinsonism | defect of extrapyramiadal tract -tremor, rigidity, slower speech, immobile |
| cerebellar | lesion in 1 hemisphere produces motor abn -ataxia, lurching forward, RAM slow, |
| paraplegia | lower motor neuron damage -dee tendon reflexe reappera + become increased |
| peripheral neuropathy | loss of sensation in distall (feet +hands) |
| individual nerves or roots | decrease or loss of all sensory modalities |
| spinal cord hemisection (brown -sequard syndrome) | loss of pain + temp, one to 2 segemtn below less -loss of vibration + position discrimantion |
| complete transcetion of spinal cord | complete loss of all sensory modalites below leel of lesion |
| thalamus | loss of all sensory modalites on face, arm, + leg on side of contralaterl to lesion |
| cortex | little loss of sensory function -loss of discrimination occur on contralateral side |
| decorticate rigidity | upper extremiteis: flexion of arm, wrist, fingers, adduciton of arm (tight against chest) lower extremeties: extension, internal rotation, plantar flexion |
| decrebrate rigidity | upper extremeities: stiffly exxtended, adducted, interanl rotation, palms pronated, lower extre: stiff extended pantar flexion, teethcencherd |
| flaccid quadriplegia | complete loss of muscle tone + paralysis of all 4 extremites -nonfunctional brainstem |
| opisthotonos | prolonged arching of back, with head + heels bent backward |
| babinskis | abn:extension of great toe, fanning of toes |
| kernig | abn: resistance to straightening |
| brudzinski | abn: resistance to pain in neck |
| atrophy | abn: small muscle w/wasted appearance |
| hypereflexion | exaggereated reflex |
| hyporeflexia | absence of reflex |
| fine fasciculation | occur with lower motor neuron disease |
| coarse fasciculation | occur with cold exposrure or fatigue |
Created by:
xnyzlatinangelx
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