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Kin142-Osteology

Osteology

QuestionAnswer
Functions of the Skeleton -Provides a supporting framework for the body -Provides attachment points for muscles, creating a lever system that enables body movement -Provides protection of vital organs -Blood cell formation -Mineral storage(Calcium and Phosphorus)
major building blocks of bone are calcium carbonate calcium phosphate collagen fibers water
Collagen is a protein which is the main organic constituent of connective tissue.
Bone tissue is composed of widely separated cells, called Osteocytes surrounded by matrix
The matrix is about 25% water 25% protein 50% mineral salts
Bone is highly dynamic and is continually being remodeled in response to mechanical stress or absence of stress
Longitudinal growth of a bone occurs at the epiphyseal plate which is a layer of cartilage
The bones of physically active individuals tend to be denser and more mineralized
Types of bones Long bones short bones Flat bones irregular bones
Vertebrae numbers 33 26 distinct
5 segments 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
The vertebrae articulate with one another by means of facets on the processes of the neural arches (synovial joint) and intervertebral discs between the vertebral bodies (cartilaginous joint).
The discs function as shock absorbers and allow slight movement for flexibility
Abnormal curves Scoliosis - an abnormal lateral curvature Kyphosis - "hump back" - an exaggerated posterior thoracic curve Lordosis - "sway back" - an exaggerated anterior lumbar curve
Joints: Fibrous joint - immovable Cartilaginous joint - slightly moveable Synovial joint - freely moveable
synovial fluid functions Lubricates the joint surfaces as they slide over each other during joint movement Supplies nutrients to, and removes waste products from, the cartilage cells which have no direct blood supply.
Ligament fibrous connective tissue that connects bones together
Tendon fibrous connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
Bursa a small sac or cavity filled with synovial fluid and located at friction points, especially joints. Most bursae are located between tendons and bone
Frontal plane divides body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)
Sagittal plane divides the body into right and left sides
Transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions
common joint disorders Sprain Dislocation Subluxation Bursitis Arthritis
Created by: renger6002
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