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Unit 7:13
Endocrine system (updated)
| Question. | Answer |
|---|---|
| The endocrine system is a | ductless system. |
| Chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the bloodstream | hormones |
| Located in front of the upper part of the trachea. | thyroid gland |
| Frequently called the “suprarenal” glands because one is located above each kidney. | The adrenal glands |
| It is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland. | The pancreas |
| Hyperparathyroidism results in hypercalcemia, which leads to | renal calculi |
| Hyperglycemia, hypertension, muscle weakness, a “moon” face, and obesity are symptoms of | Cushing’s syndrome |
| Activates cells in the immune system early in life. | The thymus |
| It produces Insulin for the metabolism of glucose | Pancreas |
| It produces Thyrotropin (TSH) to stimulate growth and secretion of the thyroid gland | Pituitary |
| What produces a Parathormone to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood | Parathyroid |
| What producesTestosterone to stimulate the growth and development of sex organs in the male | Testes |
| What produces Vasopressin (ADH) to promote reabsorption of water in the kidneys | Pituitary |
| Produces Lactogenic (LTH) or prolactin to stimulate the secretion of milk | Pituitary |
| Produces Melatonin to delay puberty | Pineal |
| Produces Mineralocorticoids to regulate the absorption of sodium and the elimination of potassium in the kidney | Adrenal |
| Produces Thyroxine to increase metabolic rate | Thyroid |
| Produces Thymosin to stimulate the production of antibodies in early life | Thymus |
| Produces Estrogen to stimulate the growth of the reproductive organs in the female | Ovary |
| Produces Epinephrine to activate the sympathetic nervous system | Adrenal |
| Produces Chorionic gonadotropin to cause the corpus luteum of the ovary to continue secreting | Placenta |
| Stimulate exocrine glands, and endocrine glands, regulates growth and development, regulates metabolism, maintains fluid and chemical balance, controls various sex processes | Functions of hormones |
| Hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, weight loss, fatigue, slow healing of skin infections, and vision changes | Symptoms of diabetes mellitus |
| Carefully regulated diet, regulated exercise, oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin injections | Treatments for diabetes mellitus |
| An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called | a goiter |
| What are the gonads or sex glands of the male | testes |
| A mass of cells in upper part of the chest | thymus |
| What activates the sympathetic nervous system | epinephrine or adrenalin |
| An antidiuretic, that promotes reabsorption of water in the kidneys | vasopressin |
| What regulates reabsorption of sodium in kidney and elimination of potassium | mineralocorticoids |
| Small structure located in the brain | pineal body |
| What are the gonads of the female? | ovaries |
| How are hormones transported? | through the blood stream |
| Located on each side of the uterus in the female | ovaries |
| Located under the brain in the sella turcica | pituitary |
| Located in the scrotal sac of the male | testes |
| Behind and attached to the thyroid | parathyroid |
| A glandular organ located behind the stomach | pancreas |
| Used in the metabolism of glucose | insulin |
| It stimulates secretion of mild | lactogenic or prolactin |
| Growth hormone, stimulates normal body growth | somatotrophin |
| Regulates amount of calcium in the blood | parathormone |
| Stimulates growth and development of sex organs in males | testosterone |
| Increases metabolic rate, stimulates physical and mental growth | thyroxine |
| Stimulates growth and secretion of the thyroid gland | thyrothrophin |
| A decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone causes | diabetes insipidus |
| Results from an undersecretion of somatotropin and can be caused by a tumor, infection, genetic factors or injury. | dwarfism |
| Results from an oversecretion of somatotropin (growth hormone) in an adult and is usually caused by a tumor of the pituitary. | acromegaly |
| Overactivity of the thyroid gland, which causes increased production of thyroid hormones and increased basal metabolic (BMR) | hyperthyroidism |
| A severe form of hyperthyroidism more common in women than men | Graves' disease |
| Hypothyroidism | underactivity of the thyroid gland and a deficiency of thyroid hormones |
| Over production of parathormone | hyperparathyroidism |
| (NIDDM) or Type II Diabetic | the mature - onset noninsulin dependant diabetic |
| Results from an oversecretion of glucocorticoids on the part of the adrenal cortex | Cushing's syndrome |
| Underactivity of the parathyroid gland, which causes a low level of calcium in the blood. | hypoparathyroidism |
| Cells located throughout the pancreas in patches of tissue | islets of Langerhans |
| A chronic disease caused by decreased secretion of insulin. | diabetes mellitus |
| (IDDM) Type I diabetic | occurs early in life and requires insulin |
| Caused by decreased secretion of aldosterone on the part of the adrenal cortex. | Addison's disease |
| Because it produces many hormones that affect other glands the parathyroid gland is often called the | master gland |
| The adrenal glands are divided into two sections or lobes called | the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe |
| Researchers have proven that weight control and moderate exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by as much as | 55 to 70 percent |
| What maintains the blood level of glucose | glucagon |
| It causes contractions of the uterus during childbirth | oxytocin |
| Prevents vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the brain | serotonin |
| Stimulates growth and secretion of the cortex of the adrenal gland | adrenocorticotropic |
| Aids in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates | glucocorticoids |
| Accelerates absorption of calcium by the bones | thyrocalcitonin |
| What results when the pituitary gland secretes excessive amounts of somatotropin (growth hormone) before puberty | giantism |
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