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The COPDs
RESP: The COPDs (Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| presence of productive cough for at least 3 months, over at least 2 consecutive years | chronic bronchitis |
| pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis? | -atmospheric pollution -tobacco smoking -acute bronchitis |
| what is the target of chronic bronchitis? | the entire tracheo-bronchial tree |
| what are the alterations of chronic bronchitis? | -hyperemia -exudation -edema of mucous membranes |
| describe a typical CB patient | an overweight male in his 50s with a history of tobacco smoking |
| what are the clinical manifestations of CB? | -SOB on exertion -productive cough -edema -chills -insomnia -cor pulmonale |
| what is cor pulmonale? | right sided heart failure |
| what is a significant complication in CB? | bronchiectasis |
| increased volume of air spaces in the lungs, distal to bronchioles, with concomitant destruction of lung tissue | emphysema |
| primary emphysema? | genetic |
| secondary emphysema? | infection and CB |
| alveolar emphysema location? | panlobular, panacinar; primary |
| centrilobular location? | centriacinar; secondary |
| clinical manifestations of emphysema? | -thin, "wasted," barrel-chest -sudden onset: dyspnea, minimal cough (b/c no mucous) -pursed-lip breathing -wheezing respiration/tripod -expiration > inspiration |
| alveolar emphysema caused by? | genetically controlled deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin (proteinase inhibitor) |
| pink puffer | alveolar emphysema |
| air becomes trapped distally to obstructed bronchioles | CB and centrilobular emphysema (secondary to CB) |
| blue bloater | centrilobular emphysema |