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Ecology Ch. 16-18
Biology Semester 2 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the components and factors that make up an ecosystem? | Biotic components: animals, plants, trees, animal skeletons, rotting trees Abiotic components: wind, soil, rain, temperature/climate |
| What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity a good thing? | Biodiversity=a variety of organisms in a certain place at a certain time. Biodiversity is good because different organisms are needed for the food chain to provide food to other animals. |
| What is succession? What is the difference between primary and secondary succession? | Succession=regular progression of species replacement. Primary occurs where life hasn't existed before, while secondary occurs in areas where there has been previous growth. |
| What role do the colonizers have on succession? | They build up the soil, reproduce rapidly, and are able to tolerate the harsh conditions. |
| How does the energy flow through the ecosystem? | Producers have the most energy because they get their energy directly from the sun. Energy decreases as you go along the food chain because each animal burns up some of the energy. |
| What is a trophic level? What happens at each level? | Trophic level=a step in the food chain or food pyramid. At each level, energy decreases. |
| Compare and contrast food chains and food webs. | Food chains are linear and don't show all relationships an organism has. Food webs are interconnected and have multiple paths. Both show what an animal eats and what eats that animal. |
| What roles do the carbon, water, and nitrogen cycle play in the environment? | Carbon cycle is required for plants to live because they need Carbon Dioxide for photosynthesis. Water cycle is needed to grow plants and saturate soil. Nitrogen cycle is needed for some plants to grow and some plants make nitrogen. |
| How do organisms interact in communities? | predation (predator/prey; +,-) mutualism (+,+) commensalism (=,0) |
| Compare and contrast competition, mutualism, commensalism, and predation. | Competition=species compete for resources Mutualism=both species benefit Predation=one benefits, other loses Commensalism=one benefits, other could care less. |
| What is the competition exclusion principle? How does that relate to competition and what are they competing for? | Competition exclusion principle=2 species are so similar they compete for the same limited resources and they can't exist in the same place. The two species are competing for the same resources. |
| What defenses do plants have against herbivory? What defenses do animals have against predation? | Plants: thorns, regrowths, spines, toxins Animals: size, cleverness, reflexes |
| What is the difference between Batesian and Mullerian mimicry? Give an example of each. | Mullerian: both are bad or dangerous Batesian: one is bad, other isn't EX: mullerian-bees and wasps, batesian-monarchs and viceroy |
| What are some of the agricultural effect on the environment? | Cultivation-->organic molecules are broken down Loss of top soil Decrease in biodiversity Eutrophication of lakes Groundwater contamination |
| What is eutrophication of lakes? Describe the process and effects. | Eutrophication of lakes is caused by an overload of nitrogen. Process: nitrogen enters water --> algae growth --> algae increases rapidly --> decrease of biodiversity in lake --> algae grow and die rapidly --> lake fills with sediment from dead organisms |
| What are the byproducts of combustion of fossil fuels? | Carbon monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Sulfuric Acid, Sulfer Dioxide, Sulfates, Smog, Acid Rain |
| How is acid rain produced and what is considered acid rain? | Acid rain is produced when water condenses around sulfer dioxide instead of dirt particles. Acid rain has a pH < 5.4. |
| What is the goal of taller smoke stacks? | Taller smoke stacks will send the pollution away from the local area. |
| What does acid rain do to lakes and soil? | It makes them more acidic and affects life in the area. |
Created by:
rstreff
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