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GI
Patho GI studying
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Achalasia? | failure of the sphincter to relax |
| Precautions a patient with GERD should take. | stay away from fatty food, alcohol, peppermint, not tight belts. Should sit up after eating |
| Sliding hiatal hernia/ Paraesophageal hiatal hernia | 1)slides up to esophagus 2) stomach rolls up to the sides of the esophagus |
| Disorders of Secretion | Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Stress Ulcer,Stomach cancer,Dumbing syndrome |
| Gastritis | inflammatory of gastric mucosa |
| Acute gastritis | erosion of surface epithelium (due to drugs, chemical, alcohol) |
| Chronic gastitis | chronic inflammation changes, lack of intrinsic factor, over secretion of gastrin |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | break/ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| Duodenal Ulcers are most often caused by: | helicobactor pylori, and use of NSIADs |
| Duodenal Ulcers | hypersecretion of acid (from cig smoking) and pepsin. Pain is when stomach is empty |
| Gastric Ulcer | develp in the antral region of the stomach adjacent to the acid secreting mucosa of the body. Pain increases with food intake |
| Stress Ulcer | ulcer related to severe illness, neural injury or systemic trauma |
| Stress ulcer due to ischemic event: curling and cushing | curing associated with burns, cushing ulcers that develp as a result of head injury |
| Stomach Cancer symptoms | indigestion, anorexia pain vomiting, abdominal mass |
| Dumping Syndrome | food gets dumped into small intestines, creates hypertonic bolus of food, loss of gastric capacity, loss of emptying control |
| Symptoms of Dumping Syndrome | vomiting, weak dizzy diaphoresis, tachy cardia, abdominal cramps, self limiting |
| Inflammation of Bowel Diseases | Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Crohn Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Colon Cancer |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | characterized by symptoms not explained by structural abnormalities of the Bowel |
| Symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome | 3months+ of abdominal pain distention, diarrhea, bloating, nausea anorexic, anxiety/ depression. Pain releaved with defication, frequency of stools, |
| Crohn Disease | granulomatous colitis or ileocolitis groups of granulo lesions of intestine. Affects any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus "Skip lesions" entire intestinal wall |
| S/S of Crohn Disease | nausea, RLQ tenderness, steatorrhea , fistula formation(stool thru vag)malabsorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the sigmoid colon and rectum. only mucosal wall |
| Colon Cancer | lower areas of colon. symptoms are rare until disease advances |
| Disorders of Motility | dysphagia,achalasia, GERD,intestinal obstruction |
| Intestinal Obstruction | any condition that prevent the flow of chyme thru the intestinal lumen or failure |
| Malabsorption syndromes | failure of intestinal mucosa to absorb digested nutrients (Pancreatic and Lactose deficiency) |
| Pancreatic Insufficiency | not enough pancreatic enzyme produced,fat maldigestion |
| Lactose deficiency | don't have enzyme to breakdown actose, fermintation fo lactase by bacteria. Causes are gas, cramping, flatulence, osmotic diarrhea |
| Diverticula | herniation of mucosa thru muscle layers of colon wall |
| Diverticulosis | condition of having pouches |
| Diverticulitis | pouches become inflamed |
| Disorders of the Gallbladder | obstruction or inflammation is the most common cause of gallbladder problems |
| Five Risks for Disorders of the Gallbladder 5 F's | Female, Forties, Fertile, Fair, Fat |
| Liver Disorders | Portal hypertension abnormally high BP caused by resistance |
| Cholelithiasis | gall stone formation cholestrol and pigment |
| Consequences of Liver Disorders | Vericous veins,enlarged spleen |
| Cirrhosis | irreversible inflammatory disease that disrupts liver function and even structure, alcohol most common, biliary obstructive cause |
| S/S of Cirrhosis | Spinder angiomas, ascites,change in mental status coagulation disorders |
| Viral Hepatitis | systemic viral disease that primarily affects the liver |
| Hepititis A and E | Bowels transmitted via water |
| Heptitis B | transmited by body fluid |
| Hep C | viral disease due to circulation |
| Hep D | viral disease due to super infection with HBV |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | neurologic syndrome of impaired cognitive function, flapping tremor, and EEG |
| Jaundice | obstructive jaundice and hemolytic jaundice |
| Prehepatic Jaundice | excessive hemolysis of red blood cells or absorption of hematoma |
| Pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas associated with other clinical disorders. |
| Cause of pancreatitis | by injury or damage to pancreatic cells and ducts causing a leakage of pancreatic enzymes into the pancreatic tissue |
| S/S of pancreatitis | mental change, epigastric pain radiating to back, hypotension, hypovolemia |
Created by:
kbuenting
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