Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm antidotes
Day 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetaminophen (toxic dose=4g/day) | N-acetylcysteine |
| How does N-acetylcysteine treat acetaminophen toxicity (2 parts)? | Provides sulfhydryl groups and act as as a glutathione substitute that binds the toxic metabolite |
| amphetamines | NH4Cl (ammonium chloride); amphetamines are basic, so need to acidify the urine to trap them |
| salicylates | NaHCO3 (sodium bicarb); salicylates like aspirin are acidic so need to alkanize the urine to trap them |
| AChE inhibitors, organophosphates | atropine and pralidoxime (regenerates AChE) |
| Antimuscarininc, anticholinergic (e.g., atropine) | Physostigmine (anticholinesterase) salicylate |
| Beta blockers | Glucagon, calcium, and atropine |
| Verapamil | Glucagon, calcium, and atropine |
| Digitalis | Stop dig, normalize K, lidocaine, anti-dig Fab fragments, Mg |
| Iron | Deferoxamine (Fe=iron, De=away--> makes iron go away) |
| Lead | CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer (kids), penicillamine |
| Mercury | DiMERcaprol (BAL), succiMER (MER for MERcury) |
| Arsenic | Dimercaprol, succimer, and penicillamine |
| Gold | DIMErcaprol, succimer, and PENICillamine (DIMEs and PENIC/pennies are as good as gold) |
| Copper | PENICillamine (PENIC/pennies are made of copper) |
| Cyanide (house fires) | Nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate (can't use O2!) |
| Methemoglobin | Methylene blue, vitamin C |
| Carbon monoxide | 100% O2, hyperbaric O2 |
| Toxicity causes metabolic acidosis and retinal damage | Methanol |
| Toxicity causes metabolic acidosis and nephrotoxicity via calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the nephron | Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) |
| Methanol | Ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole (fewer SE than ethanol) |
| Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) | Ethanol, dialysis, fomepizole (fewer SE than ethanol) |
| What is the mechanism of action of fomepizole? | Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase; prevents breakdown of methanol and ethylene glycol into toxic metabolites |
| Opioids | Naloxone/naltrexone (babies in opioid withdrawl may be given tincture of opium) |
| Benzos | Flumazenil |
| What is the mechanism of action of flumazenil? | competitive inhibitor of the benzo binding site on the GABA-A receptor |
| TCAs | NaHCO3 (alkaline the plasma) |
| Heparin | PROtamine (H like a PROton) |
| Warfarin | Vitamin K and fresh, frozen plasma |
| tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) | Aminocaproic acid |
| Streptokinase | Aminocaproic acid |
| What is the mechanism of action of aminocaproic acid? | Inhibits proteolytic enzymes; a lysine analog |
| Theophylline | Beta blocker |
| What are the signs and symptoms of lead poisoning? | Anemia, Basophilic stippling, Colicky pain, Diarrhea, Encephalopathy, Foot drop, and Gums (Burton's lead lines)= ABCDEFG |
Created by:
sarah3148
Popular USMLE sets