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Chapter16MicroFinal
NonSpecific Immunity, How Host defends against Bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Resistance | Ability to ward off disease thru body defenses |
| Susceptibility | lack of resistance |
| Nonospecific resistance | Body defenses protect the body angains any kind of pathogen |
| Specific resistance (immunity) | Defense (antibodies) against specific microorganisms |
| Innate Immunity | Present at birth, nonspecific, no memory, allows for rapid response to microbes, reacts to all microbes the same way. |
| Adapative Immunity | B&T Limphocytes, slower, memory, specific recognition |
| Innate Immunity consists of | skin, NK cells, phagocytes, fever, and antimicrobial substances |
| Mechanical Factors = Non-Specific Barriers | Skin and keratin, mucous membranes, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, mucus, flow of urine. |
| Chemical Factors = Non-Specific | Sebum, Perspiration, Lysosyme, acidity of gastric juice, Transferrins, Normal Microbiota |
| Normal Microbiota compete | with pathogens for nutrition and space |
| Transferrins | Host iron binding proteins to make it unavailable for the pathogen |
| Blood consists of 2 primary components | Plasma and Formed elements |
| Erythrocytes = Red Blood Cells | Most abundant in blood |
| Two main types of Leukocytes | Granulocytes and Agranulocytes |
| Granulocytes have granules and 3 types | Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil |
| Agranulocytes lack granules and 2 types | Monocytes (phagocytic) and Lymphocytes (non-phagocytic B&T Cells) |
| Neutrophil is the | most common WBC and most important |
| Basophil is the | least common WBC |
| Lymphocyte is the | second most common WBC |
| Monocytes mature into | Macrophages when they leave the blood supply |
| T cells are responsible for | cell-mediated immunity and release cytokines, command and control immune response |
| B cells are responsible for | Humoral immunity and produce antibodies |
| Phagocytosis | ingestion of microorganisms, performed by phagocytes |
| 2 main phagocytic WBC's | Neutrophil and Monocytes |
| Wandering Macrophage | mature monocyte that roams tissues and organs |
| Fixed Macrophage | found in certain tissue or organs (liver and spleen) |
| Opsonization | the coating of microbe with plasma proteins |
| Opsonization increases | Phagocytosis |
| 1st line of defense are | Neutrophils |
| Clean up | Monocytes |
| Granulocytes predominated during | the early stage of infection |
| Monocytes predominate | as the infection subsides. |
| MAC(Membran Attack Complex) | destroys the cell membrane of the phagocyte. |
| MAC is created | by our own complement |
| Inflammation | response to cell damage or infection |
| Role of Inflammation | Destroy/Remove, Confine, and Repair/Replace |
| Process of Inflammation | Vasodilation (increases permeability of blood vessels), phagocyte migration, and tissue repair |
| Infammatory tissue response (SHARP) | S= Swelling H= Heat A= Altered Function R= Redness P= Pain |
| Vasodilation | brings in more white bloods cells, increased permeability caused by histamine, kinis, Prostaglandin. |
| Vasoconstriction | limits the sprad of infection |
| Emigration = Diapedesis | Phagocytes (Monocytes) squeeze through the blood vessels |
| Fever | an abnormal high body temp |
| Shivering | indicates rise in body temp |
| Crisis (sweating) | indicates temp is falling or breaking |
| Interleukin 1 | helps produce T cell, induce fever to faster tissue repair or immune response. |
| Complement is | a circulating protein |
| The Blood Complement System | a group of serum proteins that activate one another to destroy invading organisms |
| Classical Pathway = Antibody-dependant (Activation of complement) | C1 binds to antigen-antibody complexes to activate C3 protein |
| Alternative Pathway = Antibody-independant (Activation of complement) | Complement proteins bind to certain bacterial cell wall polysaccharides and activate C3b |
| Ultimate goal of complement | is to increase phagocytosis, release cytokines, and form MAC |
| 3 types of Interferon | antiviral proteins Alpha, Beta, and Gamma |
Created by:
wevarela
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