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Chapter15 MicroFinal
What organism is doing to us!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Portals of Entry for Microorganisms | is the specific route by which a particular pathogen enters the body. |
| Pathogenicity | Qualitative ability to cause a disease by overcoming the defenses of the host |
| Locations of Portals of Entry | intestines via food, water, wounds, bites, injections. |
| Parenteral Route | Anytime it penetrates the body via intact skin. (bite/injection) |
| LD50 or Lethal Dose | Number of organism required to kill 50% the inoculated host |
| ID50 or Infectious Dose | Number of organisms required for 50% the inoculated hosts to demonstrate apparent infection |
| Virulence of an organism | LD50 and ID50 |
| Leukocidins | substances that are toxic to leukocytes |
| Bacterial Enzyme Coagulase | Causes a fibrin clot to protect infection |
| Kinases | Destroy blood clots |
| Hyaluronidase | Destroys a mucopolysaccharide that holds cells of connective tissue together |
| Collagenase | Hydrolyzes connective tissue collagen |
| IgA proteases | Destroy IgA antibodies |
| Antigen | is non-self (toxin/virus) |
| Antibody | is produced by host (us) |
| Antigenic Variation | Varied expression of antigen to avoid antibodies (B&T Cells) and delay a RX |
| Siderophores | iron binding proteins (how bacteria get their iron) |
| Toxins | Poisonous substance to produced by microorganisms to damage the cell |
| Toxigenicity | ability to produce toxin |
| Toxcemia | Toxin in the blood |
| Exotoxin | produced continously by the living cell |
| Endotoxin | toxin released only after cell death (part of bacterial celll wall) |
| Superantigen | Any antigen that produces and exagerrated immune response! Excessive cytokines induce fever, nausea, vomiting, shock, and death. |
| Cytokines | Cellular messengers |
| Toxoid | Inactivated toxin |
| Endotoxins allow the bacteria to | cross the blood brain barrier |
| Viruses avoid host immune system because | they grow inside the host's cell. |
| Cytocidal effects | Cell death |
| Noncytocidal effects | Damage but not death |
| Cytopathic effects of a virus are | stop mitosis, lysis, cell fusion, Antigenic and Chromosomal changes, Transfromation, formation of inclusions (virions), |
| Portals of Exit | respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. |
| Neutrophil, Basophil, and Eosinophil are | Granulocytes |
| Neutrophil and Eosinophil are | Phagocytic granulocytes |
| Monocyte is | Phagocytic |
Created by:
wevarela
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