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F. Villarreal final
questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the causes of emetic intoxication (food poisoning)? | Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens |
| Which cause of food poisoning produces heat-stable enterotoxins, develops symptoms 2-6 hours after intake, and sees recovery within 24 hours? | Staphylococcus aureus |
| What are the symptoms of food poisoning? Does it produce fever? | Acute diarrhea, vomiting, sometimes abdominal pain; does not produce fever |
| What are the two types of exotoxins produced by Bacillus cereus and what foods are associated with them? | Diarreal-type associated with carbohydrate dishes, meats or veggies that are kept warm for long periods; Emetic-type, associated with fried rice |
| Which cause of food poisoning causes acute abdominal pain and has a heat-labile exotoxin? | Clostridium perfringens |
| Name the two principal pathogens responsible for cellulitis (bacterial pyoderma) | Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes |
| What are clinical presentations of cellulitis? | Carbuncles, boils, pimples, furnucles |
| What is the number one cause of pharyngeal tonsilitis? | Viruses |
| What is strep throat? | Inflamed mucous membranes of throat usually caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A Beta hemolytic streptococci. |
| What are the two clinical manifestations of Legionella pneumonella? | Legionnaires' disease, also known as "Legion Fever" is the more severe form of the infection and produces pneumonia. Pontiac fever produces a milder respiratory illness without pneumonia that resembles acute influenza.[ |
| Opportunistic pathogen | disease-causing organism that is generally harmless in its normal habitat but can become pathogenic in a host who is seriously debilitated or has a weak immune system. An example is Pneumocystis carnii, which will cause pneumonia in AIDS patients. |
| Peptidoglycan | Major component of bacterial cell walls. It comprises all of the gram+ cell wall and a part of the gram - . It is made of the sugars n-acetyl muramic acid (NAM) and n-acetyl glucosamine (NAG.) |
| Bacteria | unicellular microscopic organisms which lack a nucleus. They are found everywhere there is sufficient moisture. Most do not cause disease and some are beneficial. They come in three shapes: spirilla, bacilli, and cocci. |
| Virus | infectious virions are dependent non-cellular non-organisms. Composed of a small amount of RNA or DNA wrapped in protein and sometimes by a lipid membrane. Depend on infected cell's machinery to multiply and disperse. |
| Metabolism | transformation of energy in living things to maintain homeostasis and produce the other phenomena associated with life. Converts chemicals and energy in cellular components (anabolism) and decomposing organic matter (catabolism.) |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Disease of the human immune system caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Depletes CD4+ T helper lymphocytes. This weakens the immune system and allows opportunistic infections to manifest. |
| Parasite | organism that lives with another and benefits from the relationship at the expense of the other organism. Parasites are eukaryotes. There are three groups: Protozoan, Metazoan, and Exoparasites. |
| Epidemiology | The study of epidemics. It is the study of distribution and prevalence of infectious disease in a given population. Epidemiologists are interested in protecting the public from outbreaks of infection. |
| What is the agent of transmission of Legionella pneumophila? | aerosols - droplet HVAC systems (95 degrees F ideal) |
| What are the two phases of tuberculosis? | Active occurs 1st, then Latent years later |
| What are leading causes of gastroenteritis in the U.S.? | Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia |
| Which two infectious agents cause wart-like lesions? | Human papillomavirus, molluscum contagiosum |
| Which infectious agents cause Toxic Shock Syndrome? | Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes |
| What does PPD stand for and which organism is associated with it? | Purified Protein Derivative; TB |
| Which lower respiratory tract infrection is diagonosed by the Florescent Antibody Test? (FAT test) | Legionella pneumophilia |
| Define atypical tuberculosis | caused by any organism that is not mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| What does DPT stand for? | Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus |
| What upper repiratory tract infection destroys the ciliated cells of the trachea? | Bordetella pertussis |
| According to the CDC, what is the #1 cause of STDs? | Chlamydia is the most common reportable infectious disease in the U.S. |
| What are the two most important nosocomial infections? | Clostridium difficile (causes diarrhea; necrosis) and MRSA |
| What are the three most important reservoirs for rabies? | Fox, raccoon, skunk |
| What is the most important reservoir for rabies in Austin? | Bats |
| What is the most common skin infection in children? | Impetigo, caused by S. pyogenes |
| What is causative agent of folliculitis? | S. aureus |
| What causes scarlet fever and who is most affected? | Group A streptococci; children under 18 |
| What infection can cause a plaque - like pseudomembrane in the throat? | Diptheria - caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae |
| Why is mycoplasma pneumonia called walking pneumonia? | People don't know they have it; walk around infecting others for weeks with persistent cough. |
| What is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia? | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| How many people have TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | 1.7 billion |
| What protects Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus from host defense mechanisms and antibiotics? | A waxy mycolic acid |
| What is most common infectious disease in humans? | Tooth decay - dental caries |
| What is causative agent of Gastritis and Gastric ulcers and can lead to stomach cancer? | Helicobacter pylori |
| Another name for E. coli 0157:H7 | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)b/c can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Which animals are associated with Salmonellosis? | chickens, reptiles |
| What can cause the most severe form of dysentery? | shigella |
Created by:
FVillarreal
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